#4.5 


By  the  Same  Author 

THE  MONUMENTS  AND  THE 
OLD  TESTAMENT:  Evidence 
from  Ancient  Records.  Profusely 
illustrated.  Net,  #1,50. 


A   Syllabus   of    :     :     :     : 
Old  Testament  History 


Outlines  and  Literature 
For  Private  Study  and 
the  Class  Room  :  : 


By  Ira  Maurice  Price,  Ph.D. 

Professor  of  Semitic  Languages  and  Literatures  in 
the  University  of  Chicago          :          :          :         i 


Sixth  Edition,   Revised 

With  Later  Chronology  Reconstructed 


Fleming  H.  Revell  Company 

Chicago  New  York  Toronto 

Publishers  of  Evangelical  Literature 


Copyriph:  1890-1903  by  Fleming  H.  Revcll  Company 

First  Edition,  1890 
Second  Edition,  1891 
Third  Edition,  1891 
Fourth  Edition,  1896 
Fifth  Edition,  1900 
Sixth  Edition,  IQOJ 


JVJ20G037 


PREFACE  TO  THE  SIXTH  EDITION. 


These  are  fruitful  times  for  Bible  students.  Each 
year  adds  new  and  valuable  works  to  their  effective 
equipment.  And  the  period  since  the  appearance 
of  the  first  edition  (1890)  of  this  Syllabus  has  prac- 
tically reconstructed  our  conceptions  of  the  history 
and  archaeology  of  the  Orient.  The  finds  of  the 
explorer  have  been  critically  investigated  and  sys- 
tematically set  forth  by  the  liguist,  the  archaeologist, 
and  the  historian.  Their  results  have  been  made 
available  in  a  large  body  of  scholarly  literature. 
These  works  have  appeared,  some  in  comprehen- 
sive, sumptuous,  attractive,  and  expensive  forms, 
and  others  in  concise,  handsome,  and  inexpensive 
volumes. 

This  new  library  of  Oriental  life  has  opened  a  new 
field  to  every  Bible  student.  Here  he  finds  fasci- 
nating and  fruitful  results,  such  as  clothe  with  flesh 
and  blood  the  skeleton  of  Old  Testament  history. 
The  times  of  ancient  Israel  were  not  unique,  nor 
were  they  far  different  in  the  long  run  from  that  of 
any  small  people  in  the  midst  of  the  great  nations  of 
that  day.  They  were  but  one  of  the  smaller  mem- 
bers of  the  great  family  of  ancient  Oriental  nations. 
The  presence  of  Jehovah  and  His  prophets  in  the 
midst  of  this  people  has  given  the  Old  Testament,  a 
record  of  their  national  life,  both  political  and 
religious,  its  rightful  place  and  importance  as  a  part 
of  our  Bible. 

Students  of  the  Old  Testament  have  come  to 
appreciate  the  vast  significance  of  these  revelations 

iv 


OLD  TESTAMENT   HISTORY.  v 

of  Oriental  l;fe.  They  have  learned  to  find  in  them 
the  solution  of  many  hitherto  troublesome  questions 
in  Old  Testament  life  and  history.  They  have  also 
discovered  new  and  intricate  problems,  whose  solu- 
tions must  await  further  research  into  the  posthu- 
mous documents  of  many  ancient  Oriental  peoples. 
The  desire  for  a  systematic  study  of  the  history  in 
the  Old  Testament  in  the  light  of  these  discoveries 
has  shown  itself  in  the  continued  demand  for  a  work 
of  this  kind.  It  is  exceedingly  gratifying  to  know 
that  this  Syllabus  has  been  adopted  and  is  now  used 
as  a  text-book  in  more  than  twenty-five  theological 
seminaries,  colleges,  universities,  and  academies  in 
this  and  in  other  lands. 

Former  editions  of  this  Syllabus  have  adopted 
throughout  their  pages,  with  more  or  less  faithful- 
ness, the  chronological  scheme  of  Archbishop 
Ussher.  The  Assyrian  "eponym  canon"  has  not 
only  shown  the  erroneous  character  of  that  system, 
but  has  been  able  to  correct  it  through  almost  the 
entire  period  of  Hebrew  history  from  the  Division 
of  the  Kingdom  down  to  666  B.  C.  This  sixth  edi- 
tion merely  retains  Ussher' s  dates  down  through 
Solomon* s  reign  as  a  necessary  evil,  but  from  that 
point  down  to  Nehemiah  has  worked  out  a  new  sys- 
tem, which  both  harmonizes  older  difficulties,  and 
reveals  in  part  the  Hebrew  method  of  writing  his- 
tory. The  "Appendix"  presents  it  in  detail. 

The  new  arrangement  of  the  "Literature  for  Fur- 
ther Study"  by  periods,  except  works  on  the  "His- 
tory of  Israel,"  and  "Contemporaneous  History,'' 


vi  OLD  TESTAMENT   HISTORY. 

will  be  a  convenience  for  those  who  may  desire  to 
do  more  thorough  work  in  great  historical  eras,  or 
who  may  wish  to  know  the  latest  phases  of  criticism 
as  touching  historical  material  and  questions.  Stu- 
dents who  can  and  desire  to  pursue  such  a  line  of 
study  will  be  able  to  use  wisely,  throughout  the 
periods  of  this  Syllabus,  the  appropriate  portions  of 
the  books  named  under  "History  of  Israel"  and 
"Contemporaneous  History."  These  outlines  and 
lists  of  literature  are  intended,  of  course,  to  be  used 
merely  as  suggestive  and  as  a  basis  for  work. 

The  writer  is  aware  of  the  fact  that  Old  Testament 
history  proper  would  include  a  comprehensive  study 
of  the  life  of  the  times,  including  history,  literature, 
prophecy,  and  the  like.  But  the  impracticability 
of  doing  that  thing  in  a  mere  brief  outline  study 
justifies  the  practical  exclusion  of  the  discussion  of 
many  points  outside  of  the  history.  Hence  these 
outlines  deal  almost  exclusively  with  the  facts  of  the 
narrative  of  the  Old  Testament. 

For  the  cordial  reception  given  the  earlier  edi- 
tions, and  for  helpful  suggestions  received  from 
those  who  have  made  use  of  the  book  both  in  private 
study  and  in  the  class-room,  the  author  desires  to 
express  his  sincere  thanks.  With  The  Monuments 
and  the  Old  Testament  ($d  edition,  1902)  as  its  com- 
panion volume,  the  author  entertains  the  hope  that 
this  Syllabus  of  Old  Testament  History  may  be  doubly 
useful  in  extending  a  knowledge  of  God's  revelation 
as  embodied  in  the  Old  Testament. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CHICAGO,  TRA  TVT    Pwirw 

September 26, 1903.  IRA  M.   r RICE. 


PREFACE  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 

We  have  reached  a  new  era  in  Bible  study.  Old  plans 
and  methods  of  work  are  giving  place  to  the  new.  The 
old  material  of  the  Bible  has  become  enriched  by  the 
wealth  of  antiquity.  The  nations  of  the  Orient  are  rising 
from  their  slumbers.  The  voices  of  peoples,  old  when 
the  first  word  of  the  Old  Testament  was  penned,  are 
heard  in  the  East.  Their  testimony  is  essential  to  any 
correct  estimate  of  those  times.  In  fact,  the  field  of  study 
has  so  enlarged  and  expanded  that  the  old  text -book 
method  of  studying  Old  Testament  History  must  be 
superseded  by  one  more  stimulating  and  comprehensive. 
The  student  should  be  turned  loose  in  the  luxuriant  fields 
of  modern  investigation  and  discovery.  He  should  pro- 
duce his  picture  of  Old  Testament  History  filled  with  all 
the  events  of  contemporaneous  peoples.  This  Syllabus 
aims  to  furnish  a  practical  compendium  and  plan  of  work 
to  accomplish  just  this  end.  It  is  designed  as  a  new  text- 
book for  use  in  Theological  Seminaries  and  Colleges, 
anc  for  private  study.  The  Bible  narrative  alone  can  be 
studied,  or  in  addition  thereto  any  prescribed  amount 
of  •  outside  reading  done.  The  option  of  teacher  or  stu- 
dent can  be  followed. 

The  plan  of  work  is  very  simple.  Before  one  attempts 
to  study  the  Old  Testament  he  should  have  some  definite 

vii 


viii  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

knowledge  of  the  lands  of  the  Bible.  The  barest  external 
facts  respecting  the  chief  book  to  be  studied  should  be 
made,  familiar.  And  the  section  of  history  to  be  analyzed 
and  synchronized  must  be  divided  into  periods  pos- 
sessing characteristics  all  their  own.  Hence  the  INTRO- 
DUCTION takes  up  and  studies  Biblical  Geography,  gives 
some  of  the  simplest  chronological  facts  about  the  Old 
Testament,  and  divides  the  history  to  be  treated  into 
twelve  periods,  or  epochs,  each  possessing  peculiarities 
its  own. 

The  body  of  the  book  presents  these  periods  divided 
into  sections,  the  sections  into  paragraphs,  the  paragraphs 
into  sub-heads,  etCt  This  analysis  does  not  claim  perfec- 
tion. Its  degree  of  detail  is  not  everywhere  uniform. 
The  demands  of  the  narrative  are  not  everywhere  the 
same,  so  that  no  one  method  has  been  pursued  to  monot- 
ony. The  whole  aims  to  be  an  orderly  and  convenient 
arrangement  and  classification  of  the  most  important  facts 
in  Old  Testament  History.  It  will  serve  as  a  basis,  or 
starting-point,  for  supplemental  reading  on  the  part  of  the 
student. 

Questions  of  criticism  and  chronology  are  not  exhaus- 
tievly  discussed.  At  this  stage  such  treatment  would 
prove  to  be  only  a  source  of  confusion.  The  literature 
referred  to  is  generally  that  which  should  be  most  access- 
ible to  the  ordinary  student.  Josephus'  Antiquities,  how- 
ever, should  be  read  alongside  the  corresponding  Bible 


PREFACE.  « 

account.  All  this  cited  literature  is  barely  an  introduction 
to  the  vast  field  now  open  to  the  student  of  Old  Testa- 
ment History. 

These  outlines  are  not  expository  in  the  ordinary  sense 
of  that  term.  They  are  intended  to  lead  the  student 
along  the  line  of  the  facts.  He  familiarizes  himself  with 
the  Old  Testament  narrative,  and  with  all  the  new  light 
shed  on  its  pages  by  contemporaneous  history  and  modern 
discovery  and  research.  This  is  just  the  point  at  which 
most  Bible  students  are  deficient.  Moralize  and  allegorize 
they  can,  easily.  But  to  give  and  explain  the  Bible  facts 
accurately,  and  in  order,  is  a  rare  ability.  Some  of  the 
prevalent  erroneous  and  disastrous  allegorizing  methods  of 
our  day  will  meet  their  doom  when  their  advocates  and 
employers  become  grounded  in  a  knowledge  of  the  histor- 
ical setting  of  the  Old  Testament.  As  soon  as  the  careful 
and  devoted  student  has  mastered  the  events  and  the 
facts,  the  impulses  and  the  motives  and  the  moral  at  the 
bottom  of  these  facts  readily  appear,  the  lessons  and 
teachings,  thus  concretely  expressed,  present  themselves 
with  a  vividness  and  force  never  before  conceived. 

The  APPENDIX  presents,  in  an  abbreviated,  concise  and 
convenient  form,  the  synchronism  of  Judah  and  Israel. 
The  LIST  OF  WORKS  gathers  up  the  authorities  referred  to 
throughout  the  Syllabus,  and  adds  a  SUPPLEMENTAL  LIST 
of  some  of  the  more  elaborate,  the  more  scholarly,  and 
the  latest  works  of  value  for  more  extensive  and  detailed 


x  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

study  of  Old  Testament  History.  The  GENERAL  INDEX 
includes  the  historical  names  and  topics  mentioned  only 
in  the  Syllabus.  For  the  preparation  of  the  INDEX  OF 
SCRIPTURE  TEXTS,  and  for  the  verification  of  the  Bible 
references,  the  thanks  of  the  author  are  due  Mr.  L.  C. 
Randolph  of  the  Seminary.  Other  obligations  are  suffi- 
ciently recognized  by  references. 

By  a  discriminating  and  careful  use  of  the  interleaves 
in  jotting  down  new  facts,  explanations  and  references, 
each  one  can  make  for  himself  of  this  Syllabus  a  handy 
and  indispensable  compend  of  Old  Testament  History. 

A  similar  treatment  of  Old  Testament  Prophecy  is  in 
course  of  preparation. 

It  is  the  purpose  of  the  author  to  provide  a  simple,  concise, 
practical  and  comprehensive  method  of  studying  the  history 
found  in  the  Old  Testament  and  among  contemporaneous 
peoples.  He,  therefore,  invites  suggestions,  criticism  and 
corrections  leading  to  that  end.  More  conscious  than  any 
one  else  of  its  defects,  yet  convinced  by  four  years  of 
class-room  experience  of  its  practicalness,  the  author  now 
gives  to  the  Bible  studying  public  this  little  Syllabus.  It 
is  accompanied  with  the  prayer  that  it  may  be  the  means 
of  arousing  a  more  genuine  interest  in  the  fundamental 
historical  study  of  the  Old  Testament  revelation. 

THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY,  IRA  M.   PRICE. 

Morgan  Park,  Chicago,  December  6, 1890. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


INTRODUCTION. 

Page* 

I.     Why  study  Old  Testament  History? j.^ 

II.    Biblical  Geography 4_,6 

Sees. 

1.  The  Old  Testament  World 6-7 

2.  Geography  of  Palestine 79 

3.  Geography  of  Palestine — continued.... 9-11 

4.  Natural  History  of  Palestine 11-12 

5.  Climate  of  Palestine 12 

6.  The  Political  Divisions  of  Palestine 13-14 

7.  The  Chief  Points  and  Cities  of  Palestine 14 

8.  Jerusalem 15  16 

III.  Literature 17-19 

9.  The  Books  of  the  Bible 17 

10.  The  Books  and  Chapters  in  the  Old  Testament 17-18 

11.  Moderate  General  Outfit  for  the  Study  of  Old  Testa- 

ment History 19 

IV.  Chronological 2021 

12.  Period  of  Time  covered  by  the  Bible 20 

13.  Periods  of  Old  Testament  History 20  21 

FIRST   PERIOD,  ANTE-DILUVIAN. 

14.  The  Creation 2325 

15.  Eden 25  27 

16.  The  Temptation  and  the  Fall 27  29 

17.  Cain  and  his  Descendants 29  31 

18.  Scth  and  his  Descendants 31-33 

SECOND   PERIOD,   POST-DILUVIAN. 

19.  TheDeluge 34  3$ 

20.  The  Second  Beginning 37'3^ 

21.  The  Table  of  Nations 38-39 

1 2.  Th«  Tower  of  Babel  and  the  Dispersion 39&-39b 

xi 


xii  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

THIRD   PERIOD,   PATRIARCHAL. 

23.  Abraham's  Call  and  Wanderings 40-41 

24.  Abraham's  settled  Life  in  Canaan 41-43 

25.  Career  of  Isaac 43-45 

26.  The  Wanderings  of  Jacob  to  the  History  of  Joseph...  45-46 

27.  Jacob  and  Joseph  to  the  Descent  into  Egypt 46-47 

FOURTH   PERIOD,    BONDAGE. 

28.  Descent  and  Settlement  i»  Egypt 48-49 

29.  The  Sojourn  in  Egypt 49'5o 

FIFTH  PERIOD,   WANDERINGS. 

30.  The  Exodus 5*-53 

31.  The  March  to  Sinai 53-54 

32.  Doings  at  Sinai  in  the  Book  of  Exodus 54-56 

33.  Doings  and  Laws  given  at  Sinai  in  Lev.  and  Num.  i-ix.  56-57 

34.  From  Sinai  to  the  Arnon 57-59 

35.  Conquests  East  of  the  Jordan 59'6i 

36.  Final  Review  and  Death  of  Moses 61-62 

SIXTH  PERIOD,   CONQUEST. 

37.  The  Entrance  into  Canaan  63-64 

38.  The  Southern  Campaign 64-66 

39.  The  Northern  Campaign 66-67 

40.  Settlement  of  the  Tribes 67-69 

41.  Joshua's  Departure  and  Condition  of  the  Land 69-70 

42.  Supplementary  to  the  Conquest 70-71 

SEVENTH  PERIOD,    JUDGES. 

43.  First  three  Oppressions  and  three  Judges 7*-73 

44.  Canaanite  and  Midianite  Oppressions ^ . . .  73-75 

45.  Ammonite  and  Philistine  Oppressions 75 '77 

46.  Ruth 77-78 

47.  Eli  and  the  Fall  of  Shiloh 78-80 

48.  Samuel  as  Judge  and  Ruler  to  the  Accession  of  Saul. .  80-81 

49.  Samuel  under  a  King,  Saul 81-83 

EIGHTH   PERIOD,   KINGDOM. 

50.  Saul's  sane  Career 84-86 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS.  xiii 

51.  Saul's  insane  Career 86-88 

52.  David's  pre-regal  Career 88-90 

53.  David's  prosperous  Reign 9°-93 

54.  David's  calamitous  Reign 93~9^ 

55.  The  Reign  of  Solomon 96~99 

56.  Solomon's  Temple 99-102 

NINTH  PERIOD,   DUAL   KINGDOM. 

57.  Dual  religious  Decline 103-105 

,.»      (  Reign  of  Asa  in  Judah,                                 )  -      - 

55'     i  Destruction  of  three  Dynasties  in  Israel,    ) ] 

59.  Reign  of  the  House  of  Omri  of  Israel 108-112 

60.  Reign  of  Jehoshaphat  of  Judah..... 112-114 

61.  The  great  Period  of  oral  Prophets  and  oral  Prophecy..  114-119 
*.        (  Religious  Decline  in  Tudah,    ) 

6a'     1  Check  to  Idolatry  in  Israel,  f lig-122 

63.  Religious  Decline  and  regal  Prosperity 122*125 

-        \  Anarchy  in  Israel,  )  .  -  .  - 

6*    \  Idolatry  in  Judah,  f 126'128 

TENTH  PERIOD,  JUDAH  ALONE. 

f.        j  Reforms  in  Judah.    ) 

65'     /Downfall  of  Israel,}  129-132 

66.  Hezekiah's  Reign  after  the  Fall  of  Samaria 232-135 

67.  Reigns  of  Manasseh  and  Amon I35-I37 

68.  Josiah's  Reign  and  Reform 137-140 

69.  Decline  under  Jehoahaz  and  Jehoiakim 140-141 

70.  Decline  under  Jehoiachin  and  Zedekiah 142-144 

ELEVENTH  PERIOD,   THE   1XILE. 

71.  Fall  of  Jerusalem 145-147 

72.  Remnants  in  Palestine  and  Egypt 147-149 

73.  Babylonian  Exile  of  the  Jews ...  149-151 

TWELFTH  PERIOD,   RETURN. 

74.  Fall  of  Babylon 152-153 

75.  The  first  Return *53-i54 

76.  Building  of  the  second  Temple 155-156 

77.  Queen  Esther 156-157 


xiv  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

78.  Second  Return — under  E*ra 157-158 

79.  Third  Return— Nehemiah 158-160 

80.  General  Review. . .  160-161 


APPENDIX. 
The  Chronology  of  Judah  and  Israel. 

Section  I.    Dual  Kingdom 162-165 

"    II.     Judah  alone i66-i67 

"  III.     Exile ..  167-168 

"   IV.     Restoration 169 

"     V.     Kingsof  Judah 170 

"   VI.     Dynasties  of  Israel 171 

INDEXES. 

List  of  Works  referred  to 172-178 

Supplemental  List 179-184 

Index  of  Names  and  Topics 185-192 

Index  of  Scripture  Texts .....,•.,.«....,..  193-202 


INTRODUCTION. 


I.    WHY  STUDY  OLD  TESTAMENT 
HISTORY  ? 

The  doings  and  sayings  of  individuals  and  peo- 
ples constitute  the  basis  of  history.  They  are  the 
elements  which  give  character  to  any  time  or  period. 
We  must  know  the  men,  and  the  times,  and  the 
customs  of  any  people  before  our  judgment  on  the 
character  of  any  period  of  that  people's  history  can 
be  of  real  value.  Their  literature  and  religion  are 
vitally  connected  with  their  daily  life  and  activity;  in 
fact,  they  grow  out  of  the  real  life  of  the  people.  If 
we  would  understand  their  literature  and  religion, 
we  must  make  a  close  study  of  their  habits  and  cus- 
toms, in  other  words,  of  their  history. 

This  is  as  true  of  Old  Testament  as  of  secular 
history.  The  first  and  important  work  of  every 
Bible  student  is  to  study  the  times  and  customs  of 
the  Bible,  to  bring  up  vividly  before  him  the  indi- 
vidual events  of  that  history.  For  the  doing  of  this 
work  there  are  several  important  reasons: 

l 


2  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

a.  We  have  here  the  oldest  history  of  mankind. 
It  contains  an  epitome  of  the  world's  history  from 
the  beginning  down  to  the  call  of  Abraham,  and  a 
condensed  history  of  Abraham's  descendants  down 
to  the  close  of  the  fourth  century  before  Christ.     It 
is  brief,  but  exceedingly  comprehensive.     It  sweeps 
through   centuries    of   important    and    epitomized 
events. 

b.  It  is  the  most  complete  history  of  the  oriental 
world  in  our  possession.     It  is  not  confined  to  one 
people,  but  is  full  of  references  to  many  and  great 
peoples.      In     fact,    it    is    the    only    trustworthy 
source   of  information   regarding   several   of  those 
almost  prehistoric   nations.     It  is  the  beaten  track 
through  oriental  times,  to  which  and  from  which  nu- 
merous pathways  lead.     Taking  it  as  starting-point, 
and  making  it  our  own,  we  shall  have  little  difficulty 
in  increasing   our  knowledge  of  the   contempora- 
neous history  of  the  surrounding  peoples. 

c.  It  is  the  history  of  God's  chosen  people.     Gen. 
5-xi.    9,  is  the  biblical  introduction  to  the  history 
of  Israel.     With  the  call  of  Abraham  the  chosen 
people  are  set  apart.     From  this  point  to  the  end  of 
the  Old  Testament  we  are  following  Israel.     They 
are  the  peculiar  objects  of  care.     Around  them  Je- 
hovah makes  everything  revolve.     Other  peoples 
are  mentioned  only  in  so  far  as  they  come  in  contact 
with,  or  are  related  to,  the  house  of  Jacob.     The 
history  of  Israel  is  full  of  instruction,  admonition, 


INTRODUCTION  3 

encouragement,  warning,  promise   and  benediction 
to  every  one  who  will  make  of  it  a  careful  study. 

d.  It  is  the  soil  out  of  which  grew  the  prophetic 
and  poetical  writings  of  the  Old  Testament.     It  fur- 
nishes us  the  conditions  of  this  growth  and  gives  us 
the  principles  by  which  it  was  made.     The  prophetic 
utterances  of  the  Old  Testament  are  not  isolated, 
but  are  vitally  connected  with  some  period  and 
time. 

e.  It  is  essential  to  any  true  method  of  interpret- 
ing the  Old  Testament.     No  one  can  understand 
the  import,  the  full  significance,  of  the  words  of 
the  prophets  without  a  reasonably  complete  knowl- 
edge of  the  times  which  called  out  their  utterances. 
Their  prophecies  and  predictions  cannot  be  under- 
stood without  a  comprehension  of  the  times  in  which 
they  grew  up.    The  ignorance  current  regarding 
Old  Testament  History  has  been  the  most  fruitful 
source  of  bad  and  false  interpretations  in  this  por- 
tion of  Scripture.    Out  of  isolated  and  disconnected 
passages,  regardless  of  the    historic    background, 
men  have  woven  theories,  spiritualized  and  allegor- 
ized until,  in  many  minds,  the  Old  Testament  is  a 
mere  jumble  of  uncertain  sounds.     On  the  other 
hand,  the  history  gives  us  the  events  and  the  customs 
of  the  people  which  provoked   the   words   of  the 
prophet;  it  gives  us  the  basis  for  his  utterances,  and 
the  only  true  data  by  which  we  can  rightly  interpret 
his  words.    Old  Testament  History  is  the  basis  and 


4  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

background  of  a  correct  interpretation  of  the  Old 
Testament. 

/.  It  will  be  the  means  of  strengthening  our  faith 
in  the  Bible.  In  former  times  the  charge  of  fable, 
fancy  and  fiction  was  made  against  this  old  revelation, 
as  a  whole.  But  no  informed  man,  who  is  sane,  will 
make  this  statement  to-day.  The  old  Bible  has  wit- 
nesses to  its  truth  coming  forth  from  almost  every  an- 
cient oriental  land.  Its  statements  are  confirmed  and 
re-affirmed  by  the  discoveries  in  every  portion  of 
the  Old  Testament  world.  Its  history  is  supple- 
mented and  complemented  and  corroborated  until, 
with  renewed  strength  and  faith,  we  can  affirm  and 
maintain  its  truth  in  the  presence  of  every  honest 
searcher  after  truth. 

g.  It  is  the  first  part  of  our  great  revelation,  the 
introduction  to  the  coming  of  our  Lord.  It  is  a 
vital  part  of  God's  revealed  word.  The  Bible  is  one 
book.  It  must  be  studied  as  one  book.  The  Old 
Testament  preceded  the  New,  and  prepared  the  way 
for  it.  It  supplies  material,  types,  illustrations  and 
predictions  for  the  New  Testament.  It  is  essential 
to  an  understanding  of  the  New  Testament.  In 
fact,  without  it  the  New  Testament  cannot  be  cor- 
rectly interpreted. 

II.    BIBLICAL  GEOGRAPHY. 

History  is  local.  Historical  events,  to  be  well 
Understood,  must  be  localized.  Events  are  depend- 


INTRODUCTION.  6 

ent  for  many  of  their  characteristics  upon  the  topog- 
raphy of  the  places  in  which  they  occurred.  The 
reader  or  student  of  history  must  associate  the  event 
with  its  geographical  surroundings.  This  is  the 
only  sure  method  of  fixing  and  firmly  grasping  a 
series  of  occurrences.  The  mind  of  man  makes 
pictures  —  puts  things  into  groups.  And  these 
groups  always  have  a  background  against  which  they 
should  be  seen.  The  background  is  the  mountain, 
the  plain  or  the  plateau. 

Bible  history  has  been  too  long  suspended  in  mid- 
air. Much  of  the  current  ignorance  of  i  ts  facts  has 
been  due  to  a  neglect  of  the  study  of  the  geography 
of  Palestine  and  adjacent  lands.  In  other  words, 
the  background  of  the  picture  was  lacking;  there 
was  no  local  coloring.  Readers  and  students  ram- 
bled through  a  mass  of  chaotic  facts,  and  brought 
out  with  them  only  a  very  general  impression  of  all 
that  they  had  seen .  By  a  systematic  and  orderly 
study  of  the  background,  at  the  start,  we  shall  be 
prepared  to  locate  our  events  as  they  occur,  and  pin 
them  to  their  proper  places. 

An  important  essential  to  a  proper  understanding 
of  Old  Testament  History  is  a  knowledge  of  the 
lands  of  the  Bible.  These  are  Palestine,  and  all 
the  lands  which  are  prominently  mentioned  in  con- 
nection with  the  nations  of  the  Old  Testament  It 
has  been  found  to  be  the  most  profitable  introduction 
to  the  study  of  the  history  in  the  Old  Testament 


6  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Hence  at  this  point  this  topic  will  be  taken  up  and 
followed  out  with  as  much  thoroughness  of  treatment 
as  time  and  space  will  allow.  Cf.  Stanley,  Sinai 
and  Palestine,  Preface. 

§1.      THE  OLD  TESTAMENT  WORLD. 

1.  Extent:  a.  by  parallels;  b.  by  miles;  c,  by  sq, 

miles. 

2.  Chief  bodies  of  water  —  seven:  a.  location;  b. 

size;  c.  characteristics. 

3.  Principal  mountain  ranges— -six:  a.  location;  b* 

extent  and  height;  £;  characteristics. 

4.  Main  rivers — six:  a.  source,  direction  and  out- 

let; b.  length  and  use. 

5.  Mountain    countries  —  three  :     a.   names  and 

boundaries;  b.  contour  and  characteristics; 
c.  principal  cities. 

6.  Plain  countries  —  five:  a.  names  and  bounda- 

ries; b.  contour  and  characteristics;  c.  princi- 
pal cities. 

7.  Mediterranean  coast  lands  —  six:  a.  names  and 

boundaries;   b.  contour  and  characteristics; 
c.  principal  cities. 

Suggestions  : 

1.  Draw  a  map  of  the  Old  Testament  world. 

2.  Make  constant  use  of  the  map  until  the  points 
become  fixed  in  mind. 

3.  Locate  from  memory  (i)  the  bodies  of  water, 


INTRODUCTION.  7 

(2)  mountain  ranges,  (3)  rivers,  and  (4)  the  countries 
in  each  of  these  divisions. 

4.  Give  the  location  of   the  ancient  capital  or 
principal  city  in  each  of  the  countries. 

5.  Thoroughly  master  this  section  before  proceed- 
ing to  the  next. 

Literature  : 

Hurlbut,  Manual  of  Biblical  Geography,  pp.   17- 

22. 

Johnson,    Biblical  Wall  Atlas.    F.  H.  Revell,  Chi- 
cago and  N.  Y.,  1889. 
Grove,  Geo.,  Bible  Atlas. 
New  Bible  Atlas,  Religious  Tract  Society. 
Whitney,  Hand-book  of  Bible  Geography. 
Coleman,  Historical  Text-book  and  Atlas  of  Biblical 

Geography. 
Kennedy,  Countries  and  Places  mentioned  in  Bible 

History. 

Osborn,  Biblical  History  and  Geography-maps  at  end. 
Labberton,  New  Historical  Atlas,  cf.   Plates  ii-vii. 


GEOGRAPHY  OF  PALESTINE. 


1.  Boundaries  of  Palestine  proper. 

2.  Extent:  a.  by  parallels;  b.  by  miles;  c.  area,  (i) 

west  of  Jordan,  (2)  east  of  Jordan,  (3)  total; 
d.  land  of  promise. 


8  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

3.  Origin  and  significance  of  its  names:  a.  Canaan; 

b.  Palestine;  c.  Holy  Land. 

4.  Natural  divisions  of  Palestine  — four  parallels 

from  North  to  South:  a.  plain  by  the  Mediter- 
ranean Sea;  b.  mountain  range;  c.  Jordan  val- 
ley; d.  eastern  table-land. 

5.  Size,  divisions  and  characteristics  of  the  mart" 

time  plain :  a.  Phoenicia ;  b.  Esdraelon ;  c. 
Sharon;  d.  Philistia. 

6.  Describe  the  mountain  range,  especially:  a.  lower 

Lebanon;  b.  hills  of  lower  Galilee;  c.  hill 
country  of  Judea  and  Samaria;  d.  low  hills; 
e.  South  country. 

7.  Characteristics  of  the  Jordan  valley:  a.  its  re- 

markable depression;  b.  its  sudden  fall;  c. 
size  and  surroundings. 

8.  Eastern  table-land:  a.  boundaries;  b.  contour; 

c.  characteristics. 

Literature  : 

Hurlbut,  Manual  of  Bib.  Geog.,  pp.  28-32. 
Osborn,  H.  S.,  Map  of  Palestine  (large  or  small). 
Van  de  Velde,  Map  of  the  Holy  Land. 
Survey  Memoir  :  Western  Palestine  in  26  sheets  on  a 

scale  of  one  inch  to  a  mile.     Best  map  made. 
Tristram,  Palestine  in  its  Physical  Aspects. 
Dawson,  Mod.  Science  in  Bible  Lands,  chap.  viii. 
Conder,  Palestine,  in  'Great  Explorer'  series. 
Robinson,  Physical  Geography  of  Palestine. 


INTRODUCTION.  9 

Thomson,  The  Land  and  The  Book,  3  vols.,  (new 

edition),  N.  Y.  1886. 
Stanley,  Sinai  and  Palestine,  chap.  i-xi. 
Robinson,  Biblical  Researches  in  Palestine,  3  vols. 
Field,  Among  the  Holy  Hills, 
Conder,  Tent-work  in  Palestine. 
Wilson,  Jno.,  Lands  of  the  Bible.     2  vols. 
Merrill,  East  of  the  Jordan.     N.  Y.,  1883. 
Schumacher,  Across  the  Jordan.     London,  1886. 
Tristram,  The  Land  of  Israel.     London,  1886. 

Land  of  Moab.    N.  Y.,  1873. 
Stewart,  R.  L.,  The  Land  of  Israel. 
Mac  Coun,  T.,  The  Holy  Land  in  Geography  and 

History,  2  vols. 


§3.      GEOGRAPHY  OF  PALESTINE  —  Continued. 

1.  Principal  mountain  peaks  west  of  the  Jordan — 

give  ten:  a.  names;  b.  height;  c.  relative  lo- 
cation. 

2.  Principal  points  east  of  the  Jordan  —  three:  a. 

names;  b.  heights;  c.  relative  position. 

3.  Plains  of  Palestine:  a.  Esdraelon;  b.  Sharon; 

c.   Philistia;  d.  Jericho  or  Jordan;  e.  South 
country;  /.  Bashan. 

4.  River  of  Palestine  —  Jordan:  0.  sources;  b.  fall 

between  various  points;  c.  length,  width  and 


10  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

depth;  d.  entire  fall;  e.  velocity;/,  average 
per  mile. 

5.  Brooks  and  wadies  of  Palestine:  (i)  east  of  Jor- 

dan—  three;  (2)  west  of  Jordan  and  empty- 
ing into  it  —  three;  (3)  flowing  into  the 
Mediterranean  Sea  —  three;  a.  names;  b. 
size,  length;  c.  territory  drained;  d.  perpet- 
ual or  perennial. 

6.  Lakes  of  Palestine  —  two:  a.  Merom  (cf.  Josh. 

xi'  5>  7)>  ^-  Chinnereth  or  Galilee  (cf.  Num. 
xxxiv.  n;  Deut. iii.  17;  Josh.  xii.  3;  xiii.  27); 
a.  size;  b.  level;  c.  connection;  d.  use. 

7.  The  sea  of  Palestine  —  (Salt,  Gen.  xiv.  3;  of 

Arabah,  Deut.  iii.  17;  Eastern,  Ezek.  xlvii. 
18;  Joel  ii.  20):    a.  size;    b.  depth;  c.  level; 
d.  character  of  water;  e.  source  of  supply; 
f.  outlet;  g.  its  enclosure. 

8.  Characteristics  of  Palestine:  a.  seclusion  from 

the  rest  of  the  world;  b.  smallness  and  nar- 
rowness of  territory;  c.  central  position,  cf. 
I  Kings  x.  29;  2  Kings  xxiii.  29. 

Literature: 

Additional  to  that  given  under  $2: 
Ritter,   Geography  of  Palestine,  vol.   ii.  pp.   226- 

336. 

Lynch,  Expedition  to  the  Jordan  and  Dead  Sea. 
Wilson,  E.  L.,  In  Scripture  Lands,  chaps,  viii-xiv. 
Dawson,  Egypt  and  Syria,  chap.  v. 
MacGregor,  J.,  The  Rob  Roy  on  the  Jordan,  Nile 
and  Red  Sea.    New  York,  1870. 


INTRODUCTION.  11 

Smith,  G.  A.,  Hist.  Geog.  of  the  Holy  Land,  1895. 
St.  Clair,  Buried  Cities  and  Bib.  Countries,  ch.  ii.  sec.  3. 


§4.      NATURAL  HISTORY  OF  PALESTINE. 

1.  Geological  features:  (i)tf.  sea  coast;  b.  plains;  c. 

mountain  west  of  Jordan;  d.  mountain  east 
of  Jordan;  e.  Gilead;  f.  Hauran,  Bashan;  g, 
cast  of  Dead  Sea;  (2)  a.  springs  and  foun- 
tains; b.  sepulchres;  c.  caves;  d.  extinct  vol- 
canic remains. 

2.  Botanical  features :  (i)  a.  plains;  b.  hill  coun* 

try  west;  c.  hill  country  east;  d.  Bashan;  e. 
Jordan  valley;  /*.  South  country;  (2)  a.  chief 
fruits;  b.  chief  flowers;  c.  chief  vegetables; 
d.  chief  grains. 

3.  Zoological  features:  (i)  a.  mammalia;  b.  birds; 

c.  reptiles;  d.  fishes;  (2)  a.  chief  domestic 
animals;  b.  chief  wild  animals;  c.  chief  ven- 
omous reptiles. 

Literature: 

Hurlbut,  Man.  of  Bib.  Geog.     Map  on  p.  28. 

St.  Clair,  Buried  Cities  and  Bible  Countries,  p.  88-120. 

Hull,  Survey  Memoir  :  "  Geology." 

Hudleston,  The  Geology  of  Palestine. 

MacGregor,  Rob-Roy  on  the  Jordan. 

Dawson,  Mod.  Science  in  Bib.  Lands,  ch.  viii,  and  app.  iv. 

Dawson,  Egypt  and  Syria,  chaps,  iv.  and  v. 

Groser,  Trees  and  Plants  of  the  Bible. 


12  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Osborn,  The  Plants  of  the  Bible. 

Tristram,  Survey  Memoir :  "  The  Fauna  and  Flora." 

Hart,  Animals  of  the  Bible.     Rel.  Tract  Soc.  • 

Wood,  Bible  Animals. 

Bissell,  Bible  Antiquities,  chap.  v. 


§5.      CLIMATE  OF   PALESTINE. 

1 .  Seasons:  a.  Winter,  Nov.- April,  wet ;  b.  summer, 

May — Oct.,  dewy  and  dr)'. 

2.  Temperature:  a.   average  in  winter    49.1°;    b. 

greatest  cold  28°;  c.  average  July  and  Aug. 
78.4°;  d.  greatest  heat  92°;  e.  extreme 
range  in  year  52°;  f.  mean  annual  65.  6°; 
g.  isothermal  lines  in  U.  S.  A.,  across  Florida 
and  Southern  California;  h.  at  different  times 
of  the  day;  i.  at  various  elevations. 

3.  Rain:  a.  time  of  greatest  fall;  b.  time  "of  least 

fall;  c.  mean  annual  fall;  d.  direction  of  ap- 
proach. 

4.  Winds:  a.  westerly  in  rainy  seasons;  b.  easterly 

in  winter;  c.  N.  W.   and  S.  in  summer;   d. 
sirocco. 
5-     Purity  of  the  atmosphere. 

Literature: 

Tristram,  Palestine  in  its  Physical  Aspects. 
"  Palestine,"  in  Hastings,  Dictionary  of  the  Bible, 
St.  Clair,  Buried  Cities  and  Bible  Countries,  pp.  114- 120. 
Robinson,  Physical  Geography  of  Palestine. 


INTRODUCTION.  13 

$6.      THE   POLITICAL  DIVISIONS  OF  PALESTINE. 

1.  Patriarchal    period — down   to    descent    into 

Egypt:  a.  low-lands  —  Canaanites,  Phoeni- 
cians; b.  highlands  west — Amorites,  Hivites, 
Jebusites,  Hittites;  c.  highlands  east — Moab- 
ites,  Amorites,  Ammonites. 

2.  Tribal  period — settlement  of  the  tribes: 

(1)  Tribes  east  of  Jordan — two  and  one- 
half. 

(2)  Tribes  west  of  Jordan  and  south  of 
half  tribe  of  Manasseh — 5. 

(3)  Tribes  west  of  Jordan  and  north  of 
half  tribe  of  Manasseh — 4. 

a.  name;  b.  bound;  c.  characterize  each  ter- 
ritory. 

3.  Regal  period — Saul  to  fall  of  the  kingdom: 

(1)  United  under  Saul,  David  and  Solo- 
mon. 

(2)  Divided  at  disruption  of  the  kingdom. 

a.  Judah — Benjamin,  Judah  and  Simeon. 

b.  Israel — remaining  ten  tribes. 

c.  comparative  size  of  the  two  territories. 

4.  New  Testament  period  —  under  Rome: 

(i)   west   of  Jordan:    a.    Galilee;   b.   Sa- 
maria; c.  Judea;  (2)  east  of  Jordan:  a. 
south   of   brook    Hieroinax,    Perea;   b. 
north  of  brook  Hieromax,  Bashan. 
#.  bound;  b.  give  principal  cities;  c.  charact- 
er of  the  country. 


14  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Draw  an  outline  map  of  Palestine  in  each  period. 
Locate  the  principal  points  and  cities. 
Master  these  thoroughly. 

Literature; 

Hurlbut,  Man.  Bib.  Geog.,  Map  on  p.  50,  cf.  p.  60. 

"     "  p.  58. 
"     "  pp.  64,68,  100. 
"     "  pp.  86,  88,  89. 

§7.      THE  CHIEF  POINTS   AND  CITIES  IN  PALESTINE. 

1.  On  sea  coast:    a.  Joppa;    b.  Carmel;    c.  Tyre; 

a.  locate;  b.  give  importance  of  each. 

2.  On  the  mountain  range:   a.  Beersheba;  b.  He- 

bron; <:.  Jerusalem;  d.  Bethel;  e.  Samaria;/. 
Shechem;  g.  Mt.  Gilboa;  k.  Hazor. 

3.  In  the  Jordan  valley :    a.  Jericho ;   b.  Dan  at 

sources  of  Jordan. 

4.  On  eastern  table  land:    a.   Heshbon;    b.  Ra- 

moth   Gilead;  c.  Mahanaim. 


Locate  each  of  the  above  points  in  the  divisions 
of  Palestine  in  a.  Patriarchal  period;  b.  Tribal  per- 
iod; c.  Regal  period;  d.  N.  T.  period. 

Make  yourself  master  of  the  outlines  and  main 
points  in  Palestine  before  you  leave  them. 

Literature: 

Names  of  the  places  in  Bible  Dictionaries. 
Porter,  Giant  Cities  of  Bashan. 


INTRODUCTION.  15 

§8.      JERUSALEM. 

Name  in  different  periods  :  a.  Jerusalem,  before  the 
conquest ;  b.  in  period  of  judges,  Jebus,  Judg. 
xix.  10  ;  c.  Jerusalem,  in  regal  period ;  d.  in 
Christian  times,  Holy  City  ;  e.  now,  El.  Khuds,. 
'  the  holy.' 

General  location  (  I  )  politically:  a.  territory 
of  Jebusites;  b.  in  Benjamin;  c.  in  Judah;  d. 
in  Judea;  (2)  geographically:  a.  32  miles 
from  Mediterranean ;  b.  1 8  miles  from  Dead 
Sea;  c.  20 miles  north  of  Hebron;  d.  36  miles 
south  of  Samaria;  e.  2600  feet  above  sea 
level. 

Special  location  —  (i)  Valleys  uniting  at  S.  E. 
angle  of  city:  a.  Hinnom,  from  N.  W. ;  b. 
Kidron  or  Jehoshaphat  from  N. ;  c.  Tyro- 
pcean  from  N.  N.  W.;  (2)  Mounts:  a.  Zion 
S.  W.  between  Hinnom  and  Tyropcean;  b. 
MoriahS.  E.  between  Tyropcean  and  Kidron; 
c.  Acra  N.  of  Zion;  d.  Bezetha  N.  of  Moriah. 
Remark — Olivet  is  east  of  Jerusalem. 
Sections  of  the  City.  a.  upper  city  or  Zion;  b. 
lower  city  or  Acra  N.  of  Zion  and  W.  of 
temple;  c.  Ophel,  parks  and  gardens  S.  of 
Moriah;  d.  Moriah,  N.  of  Ophel  —  con- 
tained the  temple. 

Size  of  the  city  :  a.  circumference;  b.  diameter; 
c.  area  ;  d.  elevation  above  the  valleys  on  either 
side. 


16  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

6.  History  :  a.  fortress  of  Jebusites  until  David's 
capture  of  it  (ca.  1000);  b.  capital  of  United 
Kingdom,  and  of  Judah;  c.  sacked  by  Shi- 
shak  in  Rehoboam's  reign ;  d.  sacked  by  Phil- 
istines and  Arabians  in  reign  of  Jehoram;  e. 
sacked  by  Joash  of  Israel  in  Amaziah's  reign ; 
f.  sacked  by  Nebuchadrezzar  in  reign  of 
Jehoiakim  (605);  g.  sacked  by  same  king  in 
reign  of  Jehoiachin  (597);  h.  sacked  and  de- 
stroyed by  Neb.  in  reign  of  Zedekiah  (586);  i. 
rebuilt  about  536-52O;/.  walls  built  by  Nehe- 
miah  (445) ;  k.  sacked  by  Antiochus  Epiph- 
anes  (168  B.  C.);  /.  destroyed  by  the  Ro- 
mans in  A.  D.,  70;  m.  at  present  a  Turkish 
city  of  20,000  inhabitants. 
Literature: 

Maps  in  Hurlbut,  Man.  Bib.  Geog.  pp.  72,  75,  78, 
79,81,  82. 

Stanley,  Sinai  and  Pal,,  p.    226.     See  also  "Jeru- 
salem" in  index  to  Stanley. 

Thomson,  Land   and   Book,  vol.  i,  pp.  412-567. 

Admirable  description,  maps  and  cuts. 

Fergusson,  Ancient  Topography  of  Jerusalem,  1847. 

Drake,  Modern  Jerusalem. 

Survey  Memoir  :  "Jerusalem"  volume. 

Quarterly  Statements  of  Pal.  Exploration  Fund. 

Wilson  and  Warren,  The   Recovery   of  Jerusalem, 
New  York,  1871. 

Besant  &  Palmer,  Jerusalem,  the  City  of  Herod  and 
Saladin,  new  edition,  London,  1889. 

"  Jerusalem  "  in  Hastings,  Dictionary  of  the  Bible. 


INTRODUCTION.  17 

III.     LITERATURE. 

§9.      THE  BOOKS  OF  THE  BIBLE. 

I.  In  General  —  a  coincidence. 

1.  The  Bible  contains  sixty  -six  books. 
Isaiah  contains  sixty-six  chapters. 

2.  The  Old  Testament,  thirty  -nine  books,  is  in  gen  - 

eral  historical. 

The  first  section  of  Isaiah,  thirty-nine  chapters, 
is  in  general  historical. 

3.  The  New  Testament,  twenty-seven  books,  is  in 

general  doctrinal. 

The  Second  section  of  Isaiah,  twenty-seven  chap- 
ters, is  in  general  doctrinal  or  evangelical. 

II.  The  Books  of  the  Old  Testament. 

Kinds  of  Literature  in  the  Old  Testament,  his- 

torical. poetical,  prophetical. 
„.  .     .    ,  <  Pentateuch        -        ? 

i.     Historical,  J  Other  hist,  books  112 

17 

a.     Poetical,     -  -    5 

3.    Pr.phetic*,    -       - 


17 

Total,      •  39 

§10.     THE  BOOKS  AND  CHAPTERS  IN  THE  OLD 
TESTAMENT. 

Commit  to  memory  the  entire  list  of  books  in  the 


18  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Old  Testament  in  their  order,  together  with  the 
number  of  chapters  in  each  book.  Follow  the 
order  under  §9.  Observe  a  few  points: 

1.  In  the  Pentateuch:     Gen.  and  Ex.  contain  chap- 

ters which  are  multiples  of  10  (50  and  40); 
Lev.  and  Num.  contain  multiples  of  9  (27 
and  36). 

2.  In  the  twelve  other  historical  books:  a.  Joshua 

and   2    Sam.    contain    each   24    chaps.;    b. 

1  Sam.  contains  same  as  Prov.,  31  chaps.;  c. 

2  Chron.  contains  same  as  Num.,  36  chaps.; 
d.  Ezra  and  Esther  contain  each  10  chaps. 

3.  Major  Prophets:     Isaiah  contains  same  number 

of  chapters  as  the  Bible  does  of  books — sixty- 
six. 

4.  Commit  to  memory  the  Minor  Prophets. 

Ho-Jo-Am  Ob-Jo-Mi ! 
Na-Ha-Ze 
Ha-Ze-Ma. 

5.  In  General. 

Three  chaps,  are  found  in  Joel,  Nah.,  Hab.Zeph, 

Four  "       "  Ruth,  Jon.  and  Mai. 

Ten  "       "  Ezra  and  Esther. 

Twelve  '  Eccl.  and  Dan. 

Fourteen  '  Hos.  and  Zech. 

Twenty-four  "  Josh,  and  2  Sam. 

Thirty-one  i  Sam.  and  Prov. 

Thirty-six  "       "       "  Num.  and  2  Chron. 

NOTE — Historical  Books  contain  436  chaps. 
Poetical         "         "        243     «« 
Prophetical  "         "       250     «« 

Total,          .          9*9     " 


INTRODUCTION.  19 

§11.      MODERATE  GENERAL  OUTFIT  FOR  THE  STUDY 

OF   OLD   TESTAMENT   HISTORY.t 

American  Standard  Revised  Bible,  or  Rev.  Version. 
Hurlbut,  Manual  of  Bib.  Geography.     Chicago. 
Geikie,  Hours  with  the  Bible,  new  edition.     Pott, 

N.  Y.,  1895. 

Price,   The  Monuments  and  the  Old  Test.,  1900. 

Josephus,  Antiquities  of  the  Jews. 

Stanley,  History  of  the  Jewish  Church,  3  vols.  Scrib- 
ner's,  N.  Y. 

Thomson's  The  Land  and  the  Book,  3  vols.  Har- 
pers, 1886. 

*Edersheim,  Bible  History,  7  vols.     London. 

*Davis,  A  Dictionary  of  the  Bible,  i  vol.  or, 

^Hastings,  Dictionary  of  the  Bible,  4  vols. 

*By-Paths  of  Bible  Knowledge,  Religious  Tract 
Soc.,  London. 

*Bissell,  Biblical  Antiquities.     Am.  S.  S.  Union. 

*Records  of  the  Past,  2d  series,  London,  1888—92. 

*McCurdy,  J.  F.,  History,  Prophecy  and  the  Monu- 
ments, 3  vols.  MacmillanCo.,  1894- 
IQOCX 

*Mcn  of  the  Bible  Series,  15  vols.  Randolph,  N.  Y. 

Special  works  are  cited  in  their  appropriate  places 
under  Literature,  and  in  List  of  Works,  pp.  172-180. 

fThe  uns tarred  works  should  be  in  the  hands  of  every  one;  those 
starred  are  very  useful  and  important,  and  should  be  consulted  if 
possible. 


20  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

IV.    CHRONOLOGICAL.* 

§12.      PERIOD  OF  TIME  COVERED  BY  THE   BIBLE. 

1.  The  Old  Testament  describes  peoples  and  events 

from  4004.  to  400  B.  C. ,  or  about  3^600  years. 

2.  The  New    Testament  describes  events  from  4. 

B.  C.  to  100  A.  D. ,  or  about  100  years. 

3.  Old  Testament  writings  belong  to  a  period  from 

14.00  B.  C.to  4.00  B.  C.^or  about  1,000  years. 

4.  New  Testament  writings  belong  to  a  period  from 

about  50  to  100  A.  D.,  or  about  50  years. 

*The  chronology  of  Archbishop  Ussher  is  adopted  down  to  the  Division 
of  the  Kingdom,  simply  for  convenience.   See  Appendix. 

§13.      PERIODS  OF  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY  B.  C. 

This  division  seems  to  be  a  perfectly  natural  one, 
and  such  as  will  commend  itself  to  the  student. 
i.    Ante-diluvian,  4004-2348.    Creation  of  Man  to  the 

Deluge, 
ii.     Post-diluvian,  2348-1921.     Deluge  to  the  call 

of  Abraham, 
iii.     Patriarchal,  1921-1706.    Call  of  Abraham  to 

the  Descent  into  Egypt 
iv.    Egypttan,i7o6-I49i.    Descent  into  Egypt  to 

the  Exodus, 
v.     Wanderings,  1491-1451.    Exodus  to  Crossing 

of  Jordan, 
vi.     Conquest,  1451-1400.    Crossing  of  Jordan  to 

Appointment  of  Judges. 


INTRODUCTION.  21 

vii.    Judges,  1400-03.  1050.    Appointment  of  Judges 

to  Establishment  of  Kingdom, 
viii.     Kingdom,    ca.     1050-931.      Establishment    of 

Kingdom  to  Division  of  Kingdom. 
ix.     Dual  Kingdom,  931-722.     Division   of    King- 
dom to  Fall  of  Samaria. 
x.    Judah  alone,  722-586.     Fall  of  Samaria  to  Fall 

of  Jerusalem. 
xi.     Captivity — Exile,   586-538.     Fall  of  Jerusalem 

to  Fall  of  Babylon, 
xii.     Restoration,  538-432.     Fall  of  Babylon  to  the 

close  of  Nehemiah's  career. 

Remark. — Spare  no  pains  to  fix  these  periods 
firmly  in  mind.  They  are  absolutely  essential  to  a 
firm  grasp  of  the  outlines  of  Old  Testament  History. 


SYLLABUS 


OF 


OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 


FIRST  PERIOD. 

ANTE-DILUVIAN.   CREATION  OF  MAN  TO 
THE  DELUGE,  4004-2348  B.C. 


§14.      THE  CREATION — GEN.  I.-II.  3. 

1.  Introduction,'^  1-2:  a.  in  beginning  God  created 

the  universe ;  b.  all  was  chaos ;  c.  spirit  of  God 
brooded  over  it. 

2.  First  day,  i.  3-5:       a.   appearance   of  (cosmic) 

light;   b.  called  day;    c.  darkness  called  night. 

3.  Second  day,  i.  6-8:     organization  of  the  heavens: 

a.  expanse  formed  with  water  (clouds  and 
mists)  above  and  waters  beneath;  b.  called 
heavens. 

4.  Third  day,  i.  9-13:     i)  land  appears:    a.  waters 

collected  and  dry  land  appears ;  b.  land  called 
earth,  waters  seas;  2)  vegetable  life:  a.  seed- 
bearing  herbs;  b.  fruit-trees, — these  two  were 
the  first  forms  of  life. 


24  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

5.  Fourth  day,  i.  14-19:     solar  light:    a.    first  ap- 

pearance (to  one  standing  upon  the  earth)  of 
the  heavenly  bodies;  b.  to  separate  day  and 
night;  c.  to  indicate  seasons,  days  and  years. 

6.  Fifth  day,  i.  20-23:    creation  of  lower  animals: 

a.  God  created  'great  long  things' ;  b.  living 
beings  in  water;  c.  birds  in  the  heavens;  d. 
commands  all,  "be  fruitful  and  multiply." 

7.  Sixth  day,  i.  24-31 :      i)  higher  land  animals:   a. 

cattle;  b.  creeping  things  of  the  ground;  2) 
creation  of  man:  a.  God  created  man  in  his 
own  image;  b.  created  male  and  female;  c. 
blessed  them;  d.  commanded,  "be  fruitful  and 
multiply";  e.  have  dominion  over  all  creatures; 
f.  live  on  vegetation. 
God  pronounced  all  his  creation  "  very  good." 

8.  Seventh  day,  ii.  1-3:    a.  work  complete  ;  b.  God 

rested  (from  activity  in  creation);  c.  blessed 
the  seventh  day  and  hallowed  it. 

9.  Note  and  give  the  distinct  advance  in  each  suc- 

cessive period  (day). 

XO.  Genesis  i.-ii.  3  and  Geology — how  far  can  they 
be  harmonized?    Guyot. 

1 1.  The  age  of  the  world:    a.  until  the  creation  of 

man ;  b.  since  man's  creation.    Geikie  vol.  i.  6. 

12.  Ancient  legends  of  creation.    Geikie  vol.  i.  3. 

13.  Seventh  day:    a.  present  period  of  God's  rest 

from  activity  in  creation;  b.  relation  to  man's 
seventh  day. 


ANTE-DILUVIAN.  25 

14.  Object  of  Gen.  «.-«.  j:   a.  God  is  creator  of  all 

things;  b.  God  prepared  all  things  for  man; 
c.  God  put  man  at  the  summit  of  creation ;  d. 
God  gave  man  dominion  over  all  living  things, 
cf.  Ps.  viii.  6-8. 

15.  Beginnings  in  this  section:    a.  solar  system;   b. 

all  vegetable  and  animal  life;  c.  man  and  wo- 
man; d.  Sabbath. 
Remark. — Learn  carefully  the  work  of  each  day, 

and  note  the  threefold  occurence  of  "  creation." 
Literature: 

Geikie,  vol.  i.  chaps.  3-5. 

Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  60-65. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  i.  chap,  i . 

Ball,  C.  J.,  Light  from  the  East,  pp.  1-21. 

Dawson,  The  Origin  of  the  World. 

Davis,  Genesis  and  Semitic  Tradition,  chaps.  1-3. 

Ryle,  Early  Narratives  of  Genesis,  chaps.  I  and  2. 

Humphrey,  Sacred  History,  chap.  2. 

Lenormant,  Beginnings  of  History,  chap.  i. 

Guyot,  Creation ;  and  review  of  same  by  Prof.  Dana 
in  Bib.  Sac.,  vol.  xlii.  pp.  201-224. 

Dana  in  O.  and  N.  T.  Student,  July  and  Aug.  1890. 

§15.      BDEN. GEN.    II.  4-25. 

i.  Introduction,  ii.  4-6:  a.  not  a  second  account  ot 
creation;  b.  but  an  account  of  the  preparation 
of  the  earth  for  man ;  c.  introductory  to  a  des- 
cription of  (i)  man's  true  relation  to  his  Maker, 
(2)  his  relation  to  the  vegetable  and  animal 
world,  (3)  his  relation  to  woman. 


26  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

2.  Man  in  distinction  from  animals ,  i.  26-27;   ^*  7'* 

#.  created  in  the  image  of  God  he  thus  pos- 
sessed: (i)  immortality 'a  living  soul';  ^2)  in- 
telligence; (3)  conscience;  (4)  personality;  (5) 
will;  (6)  affections;  (7)  moral  righteousness;  b. 
had  dominion  over  all  the  earth. 

3.  Location  of  Eden,  ii.  8-14:    i)  Bible  account:    a, 

near  the  Tigris  and  Euphrates,  Pishon  and 
Gihon  rivers ;  b.  first  two  known,  second  two 
were  probably  canals,  similar  names  of  such 
water-courses  having  been  found;  c.  a  tablet 
discovered  in  Babylonia  in  1885,  reads 
"Sippar  in  Eden;"  2)  other  views  of  its  site: 
a.  Armenia;  b.  North  Pole, 

4.  Gods  pur-poses  for  Adam^  ii.  15-20:  a.  put  him  in 

the  garden  (Eden)  "to  dress  it  and  to  keep  it;" 

b.  to  eat  of  every  tree  of  the  garden,  except 
'the  tree  of  the  knowledge  of  good  and  evil;' 

c.  to  study  and  name  "every  beast  of  the  field" 
which   'Jehovah  God  had  (already)  formed' 
'  out  of  the  ground ;'    d.    to  have  and  hold  in 
his  purity  intimate  communion  with  his  Maker. 

5.  Origin   and   -purpose  of  -woman,   ii.    21-25:    a. 

"taken  out  of  man;"  b.  to  be  a  help  meet  for 
man;  c.  establishing  the  significance  of  the 
marital  relation;  d.  God's  word,  "Therefore 
shall  a  man  leave  his  father  and  his  mother 
and  shall  cleave  unto  his  wife"  (vs.  24);  e. 
Christ's  words,  Matt.  xix.  4-6. 


ANTE-DILUVIAN.  27 

6.  Different  interpretations  of  this  chapter. 

7.  Traditions  of  man's  creation.   Geikie,  vol.  i.  & 

8.  Antiquity  of  man.    Dawson,  Geikie. 

9.  Beginnings  in  chap.  ii.  4-25:  a.  work  for  man, 

(vs.  15);  b.  prohibition  (vs.  17);  c.  naming  of 
animal  creation;    d.    language;  e.   object  of 
woman  \f.  primitive  purity. 
Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  i.  chaps.  6  and  7. 

Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §  66. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  i.  chap.  I. 

Humphrey,  Sacred  History,  chap.  3. 

Lenormant,  Beginnings,  chap.  2. 

Dawson,  Mod.  Science  in  Bib.  Lands,  chaps,  iii.-iv. 

Delitzsch,  Wo  lag  das  Paradies? 

Davis,  Gen.  and  Sem.  Tradition,  chaps.  4  and  5. 

Ryle,  Early  Narratives  of  Gen.,  chaps.  4  and  5. 

§l6.   THE  TEMPTATION  AND  THE  FALL. — GEN.  III. 

1.  The  work  of  the  serpent,  vss.  1-5:  a.  cast  doubt 

into  the  mind  of  the  woman ;  b.  denied  the  re- 
sults threatened  by  God;  c.  promised  addi- 
tional wisdom — "ye  shall  be  as  God  knowing 
good  and  evil." 

2.  The  actions  of  Eve  and  Adam,  vss.  6-8:  0.  as 

the  serpent  advised,  Eve  eats  of  the  fruit  (of 
the  "tree  of  good  and  evil")  and  gives  to  Adam ; 
b.  "eyes  were  opened" — disobedience  gave 
birth  to  shame;  c.  sin  could  not  face  God — 
"they  hid  themselves." 


28  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

3.  Examination  by    God,  vss.  9-13:  a.  God  found 

them;  b.  reason  for  hiding  given  without  in- 
quiry; c.  disobedience  heaps  the  blame  upon 
another;  d.  traced  to  the  serpent. 

4.  Sentences  pronounced,  vss.  14-19 :  a.  serpent,  cursed 

to  crawl;  b.  seed  of  the  serpent  and  seed  of 
the  woman  to  be  at  enmity  perpetually;  c. 
woman,  to  bear  children  in  sorrow  and  be  sub- 
ject to  her  husband;  d.  man,  to  toil  for  bread, 
to  return  to  dust. 

J.  Further  results,  vss.  2024:  a.  woman  named 
Eve;  b.  two  clothed  (with  skins  of  animals, 
sacrificed  or  eaten  ?) ;  c.  expelled  from  the  gar- 
den; d.  guard  to  prevent  approach  to  "the 
tree  of  life:"  i)  cherubim,  a  symbol,  cf.  Ex.  xxv. 
18-22;  Ps.  Ixxx.  i;  Ezek.  x.  18;  2)  flame  of  a 
sword,  a  symbol,  cf.  Ps.  vii.  12-13;  ^sa-  xxxiv. 
5-6;  Zeph.  ii.  12. 

6.  The  serpent  in  the  Bible:  a.  symbol  of  wisdom, 

Matt.  x.  16;  b.  a  sly  enemy,  Gen.  xlix.  17; 
2  Cor.  xi.  9;  c.  a  venomous  enemy,  Ps.  Iviii.  4; 
Amos  v.  19;  i  Cor.  x.  9;  d.  the  devil  himself, 
Rev.  xii.  9,  xx.  2;  e.  and  his  followers,  Matt, 
xxiii.  33;  i  John  iii.  8,  etc. 

7.  The  death  resulting  from  disobedience  i  a.  physi- 

cal death  (vs.  19),  seeds  of  decay  set  to  work; 
a  perfect  body  containing  immortal  possibili- 
ties and  true  to  God  would  not  have  died ;  b. 
spiritual  death,  Rom.  v.  12-21. 


ANTE-DILUVIAN.  29 

8.  A  gleam  of  hope  for  the  first  disobedients,  vs.  15: 

a.  a  seed  promised  before  the  sentence  is 
uttered ;  b.  this  seed  to  bruise  with  its  heel  the 
head  (the  vital  part)  of  the  serpent;  c*  a  just 
inference  is  the  victory  of  the  bruiser.  Note 
"seed  of  the  woman,"  in  Isa.  vii.  14  and  Matt, 
i.  23. 

9.  Interpretations  of  this  chapter:  a.  mythical;  b, 

allegorical;  c.  historical. 

10.  Traditions  of  these  events  among  other  nations. 

Lenormant,  chap.  3.  Davis,  Sem.  Trad., 
ch.  6-8. 

11.  Beginnings  in  chap.  Hi.:  a.  disobedience,  sin;   b. 

shame;  c.  cursing;  d.  sorrow;  e.  toil;/",  phys- 
ical death ;  g.  clothing ;  h.  promise  of  a  Re- 
deemer. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  i.  chap.  8. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  i.  chap.  i. 

Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  67,  68. 

Lenormant,  Beginnings,  chap.  3. 

Milton,  John,  Paradise  Lost. 

§17.      CAIN  AND  HIS  DESCENDANTS.— GEN.  IV. 

I.  Cain  and  Abel,  and  their  of  erings,  vss.  1-50:  a. 
birth  of  the  boys;  b.  occupation,  (i)  Cain  "a 
tiller  of  the  ground,"  (2)  Abel,  "a  keeper  of 
flocks;"  c.  offerings,  (i)  Cain's,  "fruit  of  the 
ground,"  (2)  Abel's,  "firstlings  and  fat  thereof", 
(sacrifice?). 


36  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

2.  Jehovafts  attitude,  vss.  4#-$<z  .•    a.  Abel  and  his 

offering  accepted;  b.  Cain  and  his  offering 
rejected ;  c.  faith  in  God  made  the  difference, 
Heb.  xi.  4. 

3.  Cain's  wrath  and  murder  of  Abel,  vss.  5^-10:     a. 

wrath  and  countenance  fallen;  /;.  Jehovah's  re- 
buke and  statement  of  a  great  principle;  c. 
Cain  slays  Abel;  d.  the  culmination  of  the  first 
disobedience,  Cain's  formalism,  jealousy  and 
wrath ;  e.  first  mutilation  of  God's  own  creature. 

4.  Punishment  of  Cain,  vss.  1015:    #•  murder  fol- 

lowed by  lying;  b.  shed-blood  reveals  the  fact 
(Isa.  xxvi.  21);  c.  Cain  cursed  by  Jehovah;  d. 
also  to  be  "a  fugitive  and  a  wanderer  in  the 
earth;"  £.  weight  of  the  punishment  ;  f.  sign 
set  to  save  Cain  from  a  violent  death. 

5.  Cain  "in   the    land  of  wandering"   (Nod),  vss, 

16-18:  #.  exiled  from  the  presence  of  Jehovah; 
b.  his  wife  was  probably  his  sister — custom  not 
unknown  in  early  times  (cf.  Gen.  xx.  12);  c. 
Enoch,  his  son,  built  the  £rst  city,  and  named  it. 

6.  Lantech  and  the  origin  of  the  arts,  vss.  19-22:  a. 

a  bigamist;  b.  Jabal,  father  of  nomads  and 
shepherds;  c.  Jubal,  father  of  musicians  on 
stringed  and  wind  instruments;  d,  Tubal-cain, 
an  instructor  of  every  bronze  and  iron-worker, 
making  cutting  instruments  (of  war  and  agri- 
culture). 

7.  Lamectts  song,  vss.  23-24:  a.  first  Hebrew  poetry, 

(consisting  neither  of  rhyme  nor  of  metre,  but 


ANTE-DILUVIAL.  Jh 

t 
of  parallelism   in  thought);  b.  intimations  of 

violence  in  the  land. 

8.  Instead  of  Abel,  vss:  25-26:  a.  Sethis  born;  b.  his 

descendants  call  upon  the  name  of  Jehovah. 

9.  Traditions  of  ajirst  murder  among  other  -peoples. 

Lenormant. 

10.  Beginnings  in  chapter  iv. :  a.  offerings — sacrifice ; 

b.  murder;  c.  city;  d.  polygamy;  e.  arts;_/~. 
poetry;  g.  calling  on  Jehovah. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  i.  chap.  9. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  i.  chap.  2. 
Humphrey,  Sacred  History,  chap.  6. 
Smith,  Old  Test.  History,  chap.  4. 
Lenormant,  Beginnings,  chaps.  4  and  5. 
Davis,  Gen.  and  Sem.  Trad. ,  chap.  9. 
Ryle,  Early  Narratives  of  Gen.,  chap.  5. 

§l8.      SETH  AND  HIS  DESCENDANTS. — GEN.  V. 

1.  Introduction,  vss.  1-2:    restatement  of  (i)  man's 

creation,  (2)  as  male  and  female. 

2.  Ten  generations  from  Adam  to  Noah^    vss.  3-32: 

a.  note  the  tri-verse  method  of  presenting  the 
facts  in  connection  with  each  chief;  b.  excep- 
tional expressions  concerning  Enoch(cf.  apocry- 
phal book  of  Enoch);  c.  special  mention  made 
of  Noah's  significances. 

3.  Compare  the  names  of  Cain's  (iv.  18-22.)  and 

Settfs  descendants:     a.  noting  similarities   in 


32  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

names  and  meanings;  b.  noting  variance  in 
their  number  and  their  dissimilarities. 

4.  Variations  in  the  versions  in  the  length  of  time  be- 

tween Adam  and  the  deluge :  a.  Hebrew  gives 
1656  years;  b.  Samaritan  gives  1307  years;  c. 
Septuagint  gives  2242  years;  d.  due  probably 
to  different  methods  of  reckoning  time;  e,  other 
explanations? 

5.  Longevity  among   Old    Testament   peoples:    a. 

ante-diluvian  period,  969  to  365  years,  Gen.  v. 
5-31;  b.  post-diluvian  period,  600  to  148  years 
(xi.  10-25);  c'  patriarchal,  Mosaic  times,  180 
120  years  (Gen.  xxxv.  28;  xxv.  7;  xlvii.  28; 
Deut.  xxxiv.  7);  d.  later  Old  Testament  times, 
about  80  years  (cf.  Ps.  xc.  10). 

6.  Explanations  for  such  variant  longevity;  a.  errors 

in  the  computations  of  scribes;  b.  supposable 
difference  in  the  early  methods  of  reckoning 
time,  counting  moons  or  seasons  as  years;  c. 
the  time  covers  the  life,  not  of  a  man,  but  of  the 
tribe  over  which  he  is  head ;  d.  man's  originally 
perfect  body  yielded  slowly  to  the  seeds  of 
decay. 

7.  Enoch  a  prophet:    a.  Jude  14;  b.  translated  as 

Elijah  (vs.  24,  cf,  2  Kings  ii.  n). 

8.  Similar  genealogies  among  other  peoples.    See 

Lenormant. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  i.  chap.  9. 
Blaikie,  Manual,  chap.  2,  sec.  i. 


ANTE-DILUVIAN.  33 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  i.  chaps.  3  and  4. 

Humphrey,  Sacred  Hist.,  chaps.  6  and  7. 

Lenormant,  Beginnings,  chap.  6. 

Ryle,  Early  Narratives  of  Gen.,  chap.  6. 

Article    on    "  Chronology  of    the    Old    Test."    in 

Hastings,  Dictionary  of  the  Bible. 
Green,  Pre-Abrahamic  Chronology,  The  Independ- 
ent, 1891,  p.  897. 


SECOND  PERIOD. 

POST-DILUVIAN.    DELUGE  TO  CALL   OF 
ABRAHAM.     B.  C.  2348-1921. 


§19.      THE  DELUGE. GEN.  VI.-VIII.  14. 

i.  Introduction,  cause,  vi.  1-12:  a.  "Sons  of  God" 
(Sethites)  and  "  daughters  of  men  "  (Cainites) 
commingled  and  became  corrupt ;  b.  Jehovah 
says:  "My  spirit  shall  not  abide  in  mankind 
forever,  for  in  their  going  astray  they  (have 
become)  flesh"  (cf.  §16.  7.  #.);  c.  the  highest 
limit  to  life  shall  be  120  years;  d.  "it  repented 
Jehovah:"  (i)  repentance  on  man's  part  is  sor- 
row for  self-committed  sins,  (2)  repentance  on 
God's  part  is  sorrow,  grief  for  sin  seen  in  others 
(cf.  i  Sam.  xv.  29);  e.  determination  to  "blot 

out  man from  the  face  of  the  ground";  f. 

but  Noah  found  favor  in  the  eyes  of  Jehovah. 

2.  The  ark,  vi.  13-22:     a.  materials;  b.  dimensions; 

c.  form;  d.  purpose;  e.  possibility  of  containing 
all  that  should  be  saved. 

3.  The  time  of  entering  and  contents,  vii.  1-16:    a. 

6ooth  year,  2d  month,  loth  day  of  Noah's  life 
they  went  in;  b.  of  clean  beasts  and  fowls,  four- 
teen of  each,  of  unclean,  two  went  in ;  c.  food 
for  all  these,  (vi.  21);  d.  eight  persons. 
34 


POST-DILUVIAN.  36 

The  duration  of  the  deluge,  vii.  17 — viii.  14:  a. 
fountains  of  the  great  deep  broken  up  in  the 
6ooth  year,  2d  month,  i7th  day  of  Noah's  life; 
b.  rain  poured  40  days  and  40  nights ;  c.  waters 
increased  and  reached  their  highest  point  by 
150  days  (vii.  24  and  viii.  3);  d.  ark  rested  on 
7th  month,  i7th  day  on  the  mountains  of  Ararat; 
e.  mountains  seen  on  loth  month,  loth  day;/*, 
birds  sent  out ;  g.  Noah  removed  the  covering ; 
6oist  year,  ist  month,  ist  day ;  h.  they  leave  the 
craft  in  obist  year,  2d  month,  27th  day  thereof 
— whole  duration,  375  days. 

The  extent  of  the  deluge:  I.  for  its  universality: 
a.  the  language  of  chap.  vi.  17;  vii.  4,  19,  21, 
23;  but  (i)  "earth"  was  used  (a)  of  Palestine 
alone,  Joel  i.  2;  Ps.  xliv.  3;  (3)  of  a  field,  Ex. 
xxiii.  10 ;  (2)  limitations  (a)  in  Acts  ii.  5: 
"every  nation  under  heaven;"  (b)  cf.  Rom.  i.  8: 
"throughout  the  whole  (known)  world;"  (c) 
cf.  Matt.  xii.  42 :  "the  queen  of  the  south  came 
from  the  ends  of  the  earth;"  b.  the  common 
tradition  among  all  peoples;  but,  this  only 
strengthens  the  view  that  all  peoples  are 
the  offspring  of  one  pair.  II.  against  its 
universality:  a.  scientific  difficulties :  (i)  amount 
of  water  required,  would  disarrange  the  solar 
system;  (2)  vegetation  would  perish  in  such 
continued  submergence;  (3)  fish  would  not 
survive  in  foreign  waters ;  b.  practical  difficul- 
ties: (i)  collecting  of  such  animals  as  the  sloth, 


36  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

polar  bear  and  kangaroo;  (2)  preservation  of 
120,000  kinds  of  insects;  (3)  preservation  of 
100,000  species  of  plants;  c.  physical  eviden- 
ces: (i)  undisturbed  volcanic  remains  at  Au- 
vergne,  France;  (2)  certified  age  of  trees  in 
Mexico  and  Senegal;  d.  probable  similar  geo- 
logic movements  in  the  past;  e.  the  real  pur- 
pose of  the  deluge,  see  No.  6. 

6.  The  purpose  of  the  deluge:  to   destroy  the  un- 

godly from  the  face  of  the  earth,  cf.  vi.  7;  Matt, 
xxiv.  38-39;  2  Pet.  ii.  5. 

7.  Have  we  two  Biblical  accounts  of  the  deluge? 

8.  The  Babylonian  account:  a.  give  its  similarities 

to  the  Biblical  account;  b.  give  its  dissimilari- 
ties; c.  the  chief  characteristics  of  each. 

p.  Other  noteworthy  traditions  of  the  deluge:  a. 
Greek;  b.  Scandinavian;  c.  Iranian;  d.  Cym- 
ric; e.  Indian. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  i.  chaps.  10  and  n. 

Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  69-74. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  i.  chaps.  5  and  6. 

Humphrey,  Sacred  History,  chaps.  7  and  8. 

Lenormant,  Beginnings,  chaps.  7  and  8,  and  App.  v 

Dawson,  The  Historical  Deluge,  1895. 

Davis,  Gen.  and  Sem.  Tradition,  chaps.  10-12. 

Ryle,  Early  Narratives  of  Genesis,  chap.  7. 

Howorth,  Mammoth  and  the  Flood. 

Kinns,   Graven  in  the  Rock,  chap.  iv. 

Cave,  Inspiration  of  the  Old  Testament,  pp.  44-69. 


POST-DILUVIAN.  37 

§2O.      THE  SECOND  BEGINNING — GEN.  VIII.  15— IX. 

1.  Events  immediately  upon  landing:  a.  first  altar; 

b.  sacrifice;  c.  divine  promise;  d.  blessing;  e. 
command  to  multiply. 

2.  All  living  things  put  under  man's  surveillance:  a. 

to  command;  b.  to  use  for  food. 

3.  Capital  punishment  established,  blood  for  blood. 

4.  Covenant  on  God's  part:  a.  not  to  cut  off  all  life 

again  with  a  flood;  b.  the  bow  in  the  clouds 
to  be  the  token  of  this  covenant. 

5.  Noah's  shame  :  a.  a  husbandman ;  b.  was  drunken ; 

c.  Ham's  disrespect;  d.  regard  of  Shem  and 
Japheth. 

6.  Noah's  wrath  and  prophecy :  a.  against  Ham's 

son,  Canaan,  probably  because  he  particularly 
embodied  and  was  to  perpetuate  the  spirit  of 
his  father,  (cf.  Deut.  xx.  17);  b.  blesses  Jeho- 
vah, God  of  Shem,  (the  Jews),  Canaan  to  be 
his  servant;  c.  may  God  enlarge  Japheth 
(Aryan  peoples),  and  may  he  (Japheth)  enjoy 
the  hospitalities  of  Shem,  (including  service  to 
his  God),  and  may  Canaan  serve  him;  d.  ob- 
serve (i)  wrath  begins  and  ends  the  utterance, 
(2)  Canaan  the  lowest  of  servants  is  to  be  ser- 
vant to  all,  (3)  that  this  prediction  receives  a  re- 
markable fulfillment  in  history. 

7.  Age  and  death  of  Noah:  950  years,  350  after  the 

deluge. 

8.  Beginnings  in  this  section :  a.  new  race ;  b.  altar ; 

c.  bloody  sacrifice;  d.  capital  punishment;  e, 


38  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

flesh  for  food ;  f.  promise  by  nature — bow  in 
the  cloud;  g.  drunkenness;  h.  prediction  by 
man. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  i.  chap,  12  in  part. 

Blaikie,  Manual,  chap.  ii.  sec.  4. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  i.  chap.  7. 

Humphrey,  Sacred  History,  chap.  9. 

Briggs,  Messianic  Prophecy,  pp.  79-83, 

Orelli,  Old  Testament  Prophecy,  pp.  95-103. 

Ryle,  Early  Narratives  of  Genesis,  pp.  119-120. 

Denio,   F.  B.     The   Rainbow  in  Genesis,  Old  and 
New  Test.  Student,  May  1890. 

§21.      THE  TABLE  OF  NATIONS — GEN.  X. 

The  most  complete  and  exact  table  known. 

1.  Does  it  speak  of  individuals  or  of  nations?  a.  sons 

—tribe ;  b.  used  in  the  plural ;  c.  single  names 
used  as  nations  in  the  Bible,  in  Ezek.  xxvii. 
7-15;  xxxviii.  2-6. 

2.  //  is  geographical  rather  than  ethnological. 

3.  The  northern  zone,  locate  and  identify  the  sons 

ofjapheth:  a.  Armenia;  b.  Media;  c.  Asia 
Minor;  d.  Cyprus;  e.  Greece  in  Europe. 

4.  The  Southern  Zone,  locate  and  identify  the  sons 

of  Ham:  a.  Cush,*  southern  Babylonia,  south- 
ern and  southwestern  coast  of  Arabia,  and 
Ethiopia;  b.  Mizraim  (Egypt), northern  Egypt, 

*Nimrod,  son  of  Cush,  founded  a  great  empire.  He  built  Babel, 
Erech,  Accad  and  Calneh.  From  this,  Asshur  migrated  northwards 
and  founded  Assyria,  (Mic.  v.  6.) 


POST-DILUVIAN.  39 

from  Cairo  to  the  sea,  peoples  along  the  shores 
of  Med.  Sea;  c.  Phut  (cf.  Jer.  xlvi.  9;  Ezek. 
xxvii.  10;  xxx.  5);  d.  Canaan,  eastern  coast  of 
Med.  Sea,  Phoenicians,  Hittites,  Canaanites,  etc, 

5.  The  middle  zone,  locate  and  identify    the  sons   of 

Shem:  a.  Elam  (highlands)  east  of  Babylonia 
with  its  capital  at  Shushan ;  b.  Asshur,  Assyria 
on  the  upper  Tigris  river;  c.  Arpachshad,  one 
of  his  posterity,  Joktan,  settles  in  southern  and 
western  Arabia;  d.  Lud,  Lydians(?)  in  Asia 
Minor  ;  e.  Aram,  western  Mesopotamia 
and  Syria. 

6.  .Note  the  omissions :   a.  no  descendants  of  Phut, 

son  of  Ham ;  b.  no  descendants  of  Elam,  As- 
shur or  Lud,  sons  of  Shem ;  c.  the  descendants 
of  Peleg,  ancestor  of  the  Hebrews,  are  reserved 
for  a  later  table  (Gen.  xi.  18  sq.) 

7.  Source  and  direction  of  early  migrations:  from 

central  south-western  Asia  east,  west  and  south. 
7.     Scientific  evidences  of  racial  affinity  and  unity: 

a.  physiognomy;  b.  physiology;   c.  language; 

d.  psychology;  e.  religious  nature. 

Literature: 

Sayce,  Races  of  O.  T.,  chap.  3. 
Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §  75. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  i.  chap.  8. 
Cave,  Inspiration  of  the  Old  Testament,  lee.  3. 
Ball,  C.  J.,  Light  from  the  East,  pp.  134-9. 
Hurlbut,  Man.  of  Bib.  Geog.  pp.  23-27. 
Davis,  Gen.  and  Sem.  Trad.,  chap.  13. 


39a  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Schrader,   E.,   Cuneiform   Inscriptions  and  the  Old 

Testament,  vol.  i.  pp.  61-103. 

Sayce,  Higher  Crit.  and  Monuments,  pp.  119-152. 
Ryle,  Early  Narratives  of  Gen. ,  chap.  8. 

§22.      THE  TOWER  OF  BABEL  AND  THE  DISPERSION. 
GENo  XI.  1-9. 

1.  Why  does  this  follow  chapter  x.f    having  indi- 

cated the  separate  locations  of  the  race,  the 
writer  now  tells  how  the  separation  occurred. 

2.  The  -power  of  the  post-diluvian  race :  a.  one  people 

with  one  language;  b.  in  a  most  fruitful  valley; 
c.  with  one  purpose  (vs.  6). 

3.  Location  of  the  event:  a.  "in  the  land  ofShinar" 

b.  where  bricks  were  used  for  stone,  and  bitu- 
men for  mortar;  c.  in  lower  Babylonia. 

4.  Purpose  of  the  tower:  a.  to  be  a  national  rallying 

point  (vs.  4);  b.  to  be  a  monument  to  their 
skill ;  c.  probably  to  become  a  center  of  rebel- 
lion against  Jehovah  (vs.  6). 

5 .  God  '5  means  of  stopping  the  building  :  a.  confusion 

of  the  language  (disease  of  the  mouth?), 
thereby  scattering  the  peoples. 

6.  Traditions  of  a  similar  event  among  other  peoples  : 

a.  Egypt;  b.  Babylon;  c.  Greece. 

7.  "Birs-Nimroud"  probably  identical  with  the  an- 

cient tower  of  Babel.     See  Rawlinson. 

8.  Was  the  origin  of  different  languages  due  to  a 

miracle? 


, 


POST-DILUVIAN.  89b 

Rem.  On  the  value  of  all  these  ethnic  traditions, 
cf.  Cave,  Inspiration  of  the  Old  Testament,  pp.  89-103. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  i.  chap.  17. 
Blaikie,  Manual,  chap.  3,  sec.  2. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  i.  chap.  8. 
Humphrey,  Sacred  History,  chap.  n. 
Schrader,  Cun.  Ins.  and  O.  T.,  vol.  i.  pp.  103-114. 
Smith,  Chaldean  Genesis,  p.  160  sq. 
Lenormant,  Langue  Primitive  de  la  Chaldde 
Rawlinson,   Ancient   Monarchies,   vol.  i.   p.  21.   for 

Birs  Nimroud. 
Davis,  Gen.  and  Sem.  Tradition,  chap.  14. 

' 


THIRD  PERIOD. 

PATRIARCHAL.     CALL  OF  ABRAHAM  TO 
DESCENT  INTO  EGYPT.    B.  C.  1921-1706. 


§23.    ABRAHAM'S  CALL  AND  WANDERINGS — GEN, 
XL  10— xiii.  1 8. 

1.  Descendant  of  Shem — xi.  10-26. 

2.  First  remove,  from  Ur  of  Chaldees — xi.  27-32: 

a.  location;  b.  population;  c.  associates; 
d.  religion,  Josh.  xxiv.  2,  14. 

3.  Second  remove -,  from  Haran — xii.  1-4:  a.  loca- 

tion; b.  associates;  c.  promise  of  God. 

4.  First  journey  through    Canaan — xii.    5-9:    a. 

builds  altar  in  Shechem, promise  to  Abraham's 
seed;  b.  Bethel,  an  altar  built,  calls  on  the 
name  of  Jehovah;  c.  South  country. 

5.  Sojourning  in  Egypt — xii.  10-20:  a.  famine  drives 

him  thence;  b.  deception  of  Pharaoh;  c. 
plagues  on  Pharaoh;  d.  Abraham  treated 
kindly — why? 

6.  Return  to    Canaan— xiii.   1-4:    a.  companions 

and  wealth;  b.  South  country;  c.  Bethel, 
old  altar,  calls  of  Jehovah. 

7.  Separation  of  Abraham  and  Lot — xiii.5  sq.^.great- 

ncss  of  herds;   b.  strife  of  herdsmen;  c.  Lot 
40 


PATRIARCHAL.  y  41 

takes  circle  of  Jordan;  d,  Abraham  takes  Ca- 
naan (probably  the  hill-country);*,  promise 
repeated  to  Abraham;  /.  Abraham  removes 
to  Oaks  of  Mamre,  builds  an  altar  there. 

8.     Contemporaneous  history:  a.  Ur  of  Chaldees ;  b. 

at  Haran;  c.  in  Canaan;  d.  in  Egypt. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  i.  chaps.  13-16. 

Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  76,  77. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  i.  chaps.  lOand  II. 

McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §§  100-105. 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lees.  I  and  2. 

Hurlbut,  Man.  of  Bib.  Geog.,  pp.  33-35. 

Tomkins,  Abraham  and  his  Age,  chaps.  1-12. 

Mozley,  Lectures  on  O.  T.,  Lee.  I. 

Deane,  Abraham,  Men  of  the  Bible. 

Ball,  C.  J.,  Light  from  the  East,  pp.  73-82. 

Sayce,  The  Egypt  of  the  Hebrews,  chap.  i. 

Loftus,  Chaldsea  and  Susiana,  pp.  128-134. 

§24.    ABRAHAM'S  SETTLED  LIFE  IN  CANAAN — GEN. 
xiv — xxiii. 

1.  Invasion  by  the  kings  of  the  East — xiv.  1-17 :  a. 

subdued  territory;  b.  years  of  subjection  and 
revolt;  c.  territory  invaded;  d.  disaster  to 
the  cities  of  the  plain;  e.  Abraham's  pursuit 
and  victory. 

2.  Melchizedek — xiv.  18-20:  a.  office;  b.  blessing 

upon  Abraham;  c.  tithe  observed  (origin?); 
d.  who  was  Melchizedek?— cf.  Heb.  vii.  i-u. 


42  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

3.  Abraham's  vision — xv:  a.  seed  to  be  as  stars  of 

heaven;  b.  believed  Jehovah — righteous- 
ness, vs.  6;  c.  sacrifice  and  vision,  seed  in 
bondage  400  years;  d.  to  possess  from  river 
of  Egypt  to  the  great  river. 

4.  Story  of  Hagar — xvi:  a.  Egyptian  hand-maid; 

b.  flees  to  the  wilderness;  c.  first  mention  of 
the  Angel  of  Jehovah — promise  to  Hagar;  d. 
return  and  birth  of  Ishmael. 

5 .  Renewed  promise  and  rite  of  circumcision — xvii — 

xviii.  15:  a.  great  seed  and  possession  of  Ca- 
naan; b.  rite  of  circumcision  established  in 
Israel,  (found  among  other  peoples?);  c.  ap- 
pearance of  three  angels,  their  errand. 

6.  Fate  of  Sodom — xviii.  16 — xix.  38:  a.  announced 

by  three  angels;  b.  Abraham's  plea;  c.  two 
angelic  guests  of  Lot;  d.  Sodomites  charge 
on  his  house,  blindness;  e.  early  escape  of 
Lot  and  family;  f.  fate  of  Lot's  wife ;  g.  city 
destroyed  by  fire  and  brimstone  (explain); 
h.  Lot's  incestuous  posterity. 

7.  AbrahamandAbimelech — xx — xxi.  21 :  a.  Abra- 

ham deceives  Abimelech;  b.  Abimelech's 
vision;  c.  kind  treatment  of  Abraham;  d. 
birth  of  Isaac;  e.  expulsion  of  Hagar  and 
Ishmael;  f.  distress  of  Hagar;  g.  covenant 
between  Abraham  and  Abimelech;  h.  origin 
of  Beer-sheba. 


PATRIARCHAL.  43 

8.  Sacrifice  of  Isaac — xxii:  a.  to  prove  Abraham; 

b.  journey;  c.  locality  (Moriah);  d.  tragedy 
averted  by  substitute;  e.  promise  renewed. 

NOTE — Human  sacrifices,  prevalence  in  Old  Test,  times;  cf. 
Sunday  School  Times,  Feb.  19,  1887;  Mozley,  Lee.  3;  Kalisch, 
Com.  on  Lev.  i,  pp.  323-396. 

9.  Death  and  burial  of  Sarah — xxiii:  a.  aged  127 

years;  b.  Abraham  bought  the  cave  of  Mach- 
pelah  from  a  Hittite;  c.  Sarah  buried  therein. 

10.  Character  of  Abraham:  a.  faithful  to  God  and 

man;  b.  skilled  in  business;  c.  self-possessed 
and  generous;  d.  exemplary  patriarch  in 
every  way. 

11.  Contemporaneous  History:    a.  in   the   East;  £. 

Hittites;  c.  Philistines. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  i.  chap.  17. 
Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §  78. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  i.  chaps.   12-14. 
Tomkins,  Abraham  and  his  Age,  chaps.  13,  14. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lees.  I  and  2  in  part. 
Gun.  Inscrip.  and  OH  Test,  vol.  i.  pp.  120-123. 
Sayce,  Patriarchal  Palestine,  chaps.  1-4. 
Sayce,  Higher  Crit.  and  Mon. ,  pp.   158-94. 
McCurdy,  Hist,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §§  106-114. 

$25.      CAREER    OF  ISAAC — GEN.    XXIV — XXVIII.    9; 
XXXV.  28. 

I.     Finding  of  Rebekah — xxiv:  a.  oath  of  the  ser- 
vant; b.  journey  to   Mesopotamia;  c.  kin  of 


44  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Nahor,  Abraham's  brother;  d.  return  with 
Rebekah;  she  meets  Isaac. 

2.  Last  days  of  Abraham — xxv.  i-n:    a.  another 

wife  and  posterity;  b.  death  and  burial  in 
Machpelah. 

3.  Isaac's   sons,    Jacob   and    Esau — xxv.    19-34; 

xxvi.  34,35:  a.  character  of  the  boys;  b. 
birthright  of  Esau  sold  to  Jacob ;  c.  Esau's 
wives — Hittites. 

4.  Isaac  in  Gerar — xxvi:  a.  famine  in  Canaan;  B. 

Jehovah's  promise,  warned  against  Egypt;  c. 
deceives  men  of  Gerar;  d.  strife  over  the 
wells  at  Gerar;  e.  oath  and  peace. 

5.  Isaac's  blessing  stolen  by  Jacob — xxvii:  a.  Isaac's 

request  for  venison;  b.  Rebekah 's  intrigue 
for  Jacob;  c.  Jacob's  success  and  blessing; 
d.  Esau's  grief;  e.  Jacob  sent  to  Paddan- 
aram  for  a  wife. 

6.  Isaac's  death  and  burial — xxxv.  28,  29:  a.  after 

Jacob's  return;  b.  buried  by  both  Jacob  and 

Esau. 
/.     Isaac's  character:  a.  faith  in  God;  b.  retiring; 

c.  not  forceful;  d.  submissive,  peaceful. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  i.  chap.  18. 
Blaikie,  Manual,  chap.  4,  sec.  2. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  i.  chaps.  15  and  16. 
Humphrey,  Sacred  History,  chaps.  22  and  23. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  2,  last  part. 


PATRIARCHAL.  45 

Geikie,  Old  Test.  Characters,  on  Isaac  and  Ishmael. 
Rawlinson,  Isaac  and  Jacob,  pp.  1-69. 

§26.      THE   WANDERINGS   OF  JACOB    TO  THE  STORY 
OF  JOSEPH — GEN.  XXVIII.  IO — XXXV.  2?. 

1.  Flight    to  Haran — xxviii.    10-22:  a.   vision  at 

Bethel;  b.  pillar  set  up;  c.  vow  to  Jehovah 
— tithe  (cf.  xiv.  20). 

2.  Sojourn  with  Laban,  his  uncle — xxix.  I — xxxi. 

16:  a.  shepherd;  b.  service  for  Rachel  and 
Leah;  c.  Laban's  deceit;  d.  Jacob's  children, 
(xxxv.  23-26);  e.  Jacob's  shrewdness  in 
caring  for  the  flock;  f.  his  wealth. 

3.  Jacob's  flight  from  Laban — xxxi.  17-55:  a.  un- 

awares, he  leaves  with  his  all;  b.  pursuit  by 
Laban;  c.  Jacob  overtaken  in  Gilead;  d. 
vain  search  for  the  teraphim;  e.  "heap  of  wit- 
ness" set  up;  /.  peaceful  separation. 

4.  Esau  ahead — xxxii — xxxiii.   17:  a.  messengers 

to  Esau;  b.  their  return,  report,  and  prayer 
of  Jacob;  c.  present  sent  to  Esau ;  </.  division 
of  families  and  flocks;  e.  wrestling  with  the 
angel  at  Penuel  and  Jacob  named  Israel;  /. 
joyful  meeting  with  Esau;  g.  Esau  receives 
presents  and  returns  in  peace. 

NOTE — Esau's  posterity  is  given  in  chap,  xxxvi. 

5.  Jacob   at   Shechem — xxxiii.    18 — xxxiv.  31:  a. 

bought  ground;  b.  built  an  altar;  c.  Dinah 
disgraced;  d.  design  of  Jacob's  sons,  and 
despoiling  of  Shechem. 


46  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

6.  Jacob  at  Bethel — xxxv.  1-20:  a.  all  strange  gods 

to  be  put  away;  b.  Bethel  reached;  c.  De- 
borah dies;  d.  renewed  promise;  e.  birth  of 
Benjamin  and  death  of  Rachel  on  way  to 
Ephrath. 

7.  Characteristics  of  Jacob  and  Esau. 

8.  Contrast  the  characters  of  Abraham  and  Jacob. 

9.  Give  outline  of  Jacob's  journeyings. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  i.  chap.  18  in  part. 
Blaikie,  Manual,  chap.  4,  sec.  3. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  i.  chaps.  16-18. 
Humphrey,  Sacred  History,  chaps.  24  and  25. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  3. 
Smith,  O.  T.  History,  chap.  8. 
Geikie,  Old  Test.  Characters,  on  Jacob,  Esau,  Leah 

and  Rachel,  Judah. 

Meyer,  F.  B.,   Israel,  a  Prince  with  God. 
Rawlinson,  Isaac  and  Jacob,  pp.  70-136. 
Tomkins,  Times  of  Joseph,  chaps,  i.  and  ii. 

§27.     JACOB  AND  JOSEPH  TO   DESCENT  INTO  EGYPT. 
— GEN.   XXXVII — XLV. 

1.  Joseph *s  sale  to  the  Midianites — xxxvii:  a.  age 

of  Joseph;  b.  Joseph's  two  dreams;  c.  visit 
to  his  brethren;  d.  disposal  of  him,  pit,  sale; 
e.  caravan  routes. 

2.  Judah's  unfaithfulness — xxxviii. 

3-    Joseph  sold  and  imprisoned — xxxix.  xl:  a.  slave 


PATRIARCHAL.  47 

of  Potiphar;  b.  his  favor;  c.  falsely  charged 
and  imprisoned;  d.  favor  in  prison;  e.  inter- 
prets dream  of  butler  and  baker — fulfilled. 

4.  Josephs  release  and  promotion,   xli  :  a.  inter- 

prets Pharaoh's  dreams;  b.  becomes  second 
officer  in  the  kingdom;  c.  charge  of  crops, 
storehouses;  d.  marries  daughter  of  an  Egyp- 
tian priest;  e.  famine  on  hand. 

5.  Jacob's  distress  and  appeal  to  Egypt,  xlii  —  xlv: 

a.  ten  sons  go  to  Egypt  for  corn;  b.  rough 
reception  and  return;  c.  second  trip  with 
Benjamin:  d.  feast  and  favor  at  Joseph's 
hands;  e.  return  hindered  by  intrigue;  f. 
Judah's  matchless  plea;  g.  Joseph  reveals 
himself;  h.  arrangements  for  transfer  to 
to  Egypt  of  Jacob's  house. 

6.  Egypt  before  the  Hebreiv  sojourn:   Geikie,  vol. 

ii.  2:  a.  early  history;  b.  religion;  c.  polit- 
ical relations. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  i.,  chap.  19;  vol.  ii.,  chaps,  i  and  2 

Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  79-81. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  i.  chaps.  19-21. 

McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §§  I34-41- 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  4  in  part. 

Tomkins,  Times  of  Joseph,  chaps,  iii.-vii. 

Sayce,  Egypt  of  the  Hebrews,  chap.  i. 

Kinns,  Graven  in  the  Rock,  chap.  vi. 

Rawlinson,  Isaac  and  Jacob,  pp.  137-157. 


FOURTH  PERIOD. 

BONDAGE.  DESCENT  INTO  EGYPT  TO  THE 
EXODUS.     B.  C.  1706-1491- 


§28.     DESCENT  AND  SETTLEMENT  IN  EGYPT — GEN. 
XLVI — L. 

1.  Journey  to  Egypt ,  xlvi:  a.  renewed   promise; 

b.  number  who   went   down;  c.  meeting  of 
Israel  and  Joseph. 

2.  Pharaoh's  favor  to  Israel,  xlvii — xlviii:  a,  as- 

signed to  Goshen;  b.  Joseph's  authority;  c. 
Israel's  age;  d.  Joseph's  sons  blessed  by  Is- 
rael. 

3.  Egypt:  Hurlbut,  Man.  Bib.  Geog.,  pp.  41,42: 

a.  boundaries;  b.  extent;  c.  characteristics; 
d.  history;  e.  present  rulers. 

4.  Land  of  Goshen,  Geikie,  vol.  ii.  chap.  I :  a.  lo- 

cation; b.  size;  c.  seasons;  d.  products. 

5.  Israel's  prophecy  in   regard  to  his   twelve  sons, 

xlix.  1-27:  characterize  each  son(cf.Deut.  xxxiii.) 

6.  Israel's  death,  xlix.  28 — 1.  \$\  a.  command  for 

burial;  b.  embalmed;  c.  caravan  to  Canaan; 
d.  buried  in  Machpelah;  e.  fear  of  Joseph's 
brethren. 

7.  Joseph's  death,  1.  15-26  a.  prophecy;  b.  death; 

c.  embalming. 

8.  Character  of  Joseph. 

48 


THE  BONDAGE.  49 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  i.  chap.  19  in  part. 
Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  82-89. 
Edersheim,    Bib.    History,   vol.  i.  chap.  22  and  23; 

vol.  ii.  chap.  I. 

McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §§  143-153- 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  4,  i. 
Tomkins,  Times  of  Joseph,  chaps,  viii.-xii.,  xv. 
St.  Clair,  Buried  Cities  and  Bib.  Countries,  chap.i.  2-5. 


THE  SOJOURN  IN  EGYPT  —  EXODUS  I-X. 

I  .     Reigning  power  in  Egypt  at  this  time:    a.  at 
descent  of  Jacob;  b.  after  death  of  Joseph. 

2.  Religion  of  Egypt:    a.  nature  worship;  b.  ex- 

tensive ritual;  c.  numerous  priesthood. 

3.  Servitude  of  Israel,  i.  8  —  ii.  10:     a.  beginning, 

due  to  what?  b.  what  kinds  of  work?  c.  at- 
tempted suppression  of  increase;  d.  Moses* 
preservation,  attempted  deliverance  and  flight 
to  Midian. 

4.  Moses*  training,  ii.  ii  —  iv.  18:     a.  among  the 

flocks  of  Jethro;  b.  bush  of  flaming  fire;  c. 
command  of  Jehovah  for  Israel;  d.  two  signs 
to  Moses  of  success;  e.  Aaron's  help  assured. 

5.  Moses*  return  and  first  appeal  to  Pharaoh  ,  iv. 

1  8  —  vii.  13:     a.  events  on  the  way  back; 

b.  Moses,and  Aaron's  vain  appeal  to  Pharaoh; 

c.  increase  of  the  burdens  —  bricks  without 
straw;  d.  Jehovah's  assurance  of  success;  e. 
signs  before  Pharaoh  —  rods,  explain* 


50  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

6.  First  nine  plagues,  vii.  I4-X.2Q:  A.(/)  blood — no 
effect;  (2)  frogs — Pharaoh  calls ;  (j)  lice — no 
effect;  (^)  flies — Pharaoh  calls;  (5)  murrain — 
no  effect;  (6)  boils — no  effect;  (7)  hail — 
Pharaoh  calls;  (8)  locusts — Pharaoh  calls; 
(p)  darkness — Pharaoh  calls. 
B.  Observe:  a.  Pharaoh  calls  for  Moses  and 
Aaron  five  times;  b.  Pharaoh's  heart  is  hard 
(obstinate)  in  (i),  (3)  and  (5);  c.  Pharaoh 
made  hard  his  heart  in  (2),  (4)  and  (7);  d. 
Jehovah  hardened  his  heart  in  (6),  (8)  and  (9) 
only;  e.  concessions  of  Pharaoh  after  (4),  (7), 
(8)  and  (9) ;  /.  natural  explanations  for  these 
plagues?  g.  gods  insulted  by  each  plague? 
Literature: 

Greikie,  Hours,  vol.  ii.  chaps.  3-5. 

Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  90-93. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  ii.  chaps.  2-6. 

McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §  165. 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  4  in  part. 

Hurlbut,  Man.  Bib.  Geog.,  pp.  41,  42. 

Stanley,  Sinai  and  Palestine,  Introduction. 

Rawlinson,  Life  and  Times  of  Moses,  Men  of  Bible. 

Wilson,  In  Scripture  Lands,  pp.  1-22. 

Sayce,  Higher  Crit.  and  Mon.,  chap.  5- 

Naville,  E.,  Store-City  of  Pithom. 

Ball,  C.  J.,  Light  from  the  East,  pp.  83-125. 

Budge,  Dwellers  on  the  Nile,  chaps,  iv.  and  vi. 

Kinns,  Graven  in  the  Rock,  chap.  ix. 

St.  Clair,  Buried  Cities  and  Bib.  Countries,  chap.  i. 


FIFTH  PERIOD. 

WANDERINGS.     EXODUS  TO  CROSSING 
THE  JORDAN.     B.  C.  1491-1451- 


$30.      THE  EXODUS.      EXODUS  XI-XV.  21 . 

1.  Preliminary  to  the  tenth  plague,  xi:     a.  asking 

of  Egyptians,  why?  b.  threat  told  to  Israel; 
c.  result  foretold. 

2.  Passover  established, y$\.  1-2 8,42-5 1,  xiii.  i-io: 

a.  times  set — first  month  of  year,  tenth  day; 

b.  preparation  of  lamb,  on  I4th  day;  c.  dis- 
posal of  the  blood;  d.  purpose  of  same;  e. 
manner  of  eating;  /.  exact  time  of  eating; 
g.  memorial  to  be  observed;  h.  typical  sig- 
nificance. 

3.  The  tenth  plague,  xii.  29-36;     a.  at  midnight; 

b.  first-born  of  man  and  beast  slain;  c.  call 
of  Pharaoh  for  Moses  and  Aaron;  d.  com- 
mand to  Israel  to  leave;    c.   they  start  — 
spoiling  Egyptians. 

4.  The  march  to  the  sea,  xii.  37 — xiv.  14;    a.  as- 

sembling of  hosts  of  Israel;  b.  journey  from 
Rameses  to  Succoth — 600,000  men,  armed; 

c.  sanctification  of  first-born;    d.   bones  of 
Joseph  with   them;     e.    from    Succoth    to 
Etham;  /.  fire  and  pillar  of  cloud;  g.  before 

51 


52  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Pi-hahiroth,  between  Migdol  and  the  sea, 
before  Baal-zephon ;  h.  Pharaoh's  pursuit — 
600  chariots;  i.  Israel's  cry  to  Jehovah. 

5 .  The  crossing^  xiv.  1 5-3 1 :     a.  assurance  of  de- 

liverance; b.  pillar  between  the  two  camps; 
c.  Moses'  rod  over  the  sea;  d.  all  night  wind 
drove  back  the  waters;  e.  Israel  passes  over 
on  dry  land;  /.  fatal  result  to  the  Egyptians; 
g.  Israel's  strengthened  belief  in  Jehovah. 

6.  The  route  or  place  of  crossing  (see  Harper  and 

Trumbull):  a.  not  in  N.  as  advocated  formerly 
by  Brugsch;  b.  not  at  present  N.  end  of  Red 
Sea;  c.  but  probably  at  Lake  Timsah;  d.  three 
days  from  Elim. 

7.  Moses*      Song,  xv.  1-2 1 :    a.  analyze  it  care- 

fully; b.  chief  thought;  c.  references  to  out- 
side peoples;  d.  purpose  of  the  song. 

8.  Contemporaneous  history:    a.  waning  of  Egypt's 

power;  b.  revolts  of  their  foreign  depend- 
encies; c.  advantage  to  Israel  of  these  things. 

9.  Effects  of  Bondage  on  Israel.    See  Blaikie,  chap. 

v.,  sec.  5. 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  ii.,  chap.  6. 
Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  94-100. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  ii.,  chap.  7» 
McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §§  166-7. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  5. 
Rawlinson,  Life  and  Times  of  Moses. 
Kinns,  Graven  in  the  Rock,  chap.  x. 


WANDERINGS.  53 

Harper,  H.  A.,  Bible  and  Modern  Disc.,  pp.  77-177* 

Brugsch,  H.,  The  Route  of  the  Exodus. 

St.  Clair,  Buried  Cities  and  Bible  Countries,  chap.  i.  9. 

Trumbull,  Kadesh  Barnea,  pp.  325-430. 

Ball,  C.  J.,  Light  from  the  East,  pp.  126-30. 

Dawson,  Mod.  Science  in  Bib.  Lands,  chaps.  vL,  viL 

Ebers,  Geo.,  "Uarda";   •«  Joshua." 

Naville,  The  Store-City  of  Pithom. 

Drysdale,  Early  Bible  Songs,  pp.  39-58. 

$31.    THE  MARCH  TO  SINAI — EX.  XV.  22 — XVIII.  2/. 

1.  The  wilderness:  a.  location,  boundary,  size;  b. 

natural  features;  c.  inhabitants,  then  and  to- 
day. 

2.  Numbers,  condition  and  spirit  of  Israel. 

3.  Halts  at  Mar  ah  and  Elim,  xv.  22-27.  *•  travel 

through  Shur  (wall);  b.  bitter  water  made 
sweet  at  Marah;  c.  covenant  of  Jehovah 
there;  d.  Elim. 

4.  In  the  wilderness  of  Sin,  xvi.  1-36;  a.  arrival 

on  1 5th  day  of  2d  month;  b.  murmur  of  Israel 
against  Moses;  c.  Jehovah's  reply;  d.  quails 
in  evening — whence?  e.  manna  in  morning 
— its  character;^  regulations  for  gathering  it. 

5.  In  Rephidim^  xvii.  i — xviii.  27:  a.  no  water;  b. 

strife  of  people  with  Moses;  c.  Horeb  smit- 
ten— water;  d.  Amalek  defiant;  e.  Israel  un- 
der Joshua  victorious;  /.  fate  of  Amalek  pro- 
nounced. 


54  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

6.  Jethro,  xviii.  1-27:  a.  father-in-law  to  Moses; 

b.  Jethro  recognizes  Jehovah  as  great;  c.  ad- 
vises division  of  labor;  d.  Moses  follows  ad- 
vice. 

7.  Ancient  modes  of  travel. 

Literature  : 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  ii.  chaps.  7  and  8. 
Blaikie,  Manual,  chap.  6,  sec.  i. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  ii.  chaps.  7  and  8. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  6. 

"        Sinai  and  Palestine,  Part  I. 
Hurlbut,  Man.  Bib.  Geog.,  pp.  40-45. 
Rawlinson,  Moses, his  Life  and  Times. 
Bartlett,  Forty  Days  in  the  Desert. 
Palmer,  The  Desert  of  the  Exodus,  2  vols. 
Palmer,  E.  H.,  Desert  of  the  Tih. 
Palmer,  H.  S.,  Sinai. 
Field,  H.  M.,  On  the  Desert. 

$32.      DOINGS  AT  SINAI  IN  BOOK   OF  EXODUS — 
XIX-XL. 

1 .  Site  of  Sinai)  time  of  arrival,  and  distance  from 

Egypt?  xix.  i,  2. 

2.  First  doings,  xix.   3-25:     a.  Jehovah  appears 

to  Moses  in  mount;  b.  people  covenant  with 
Jehovah;  c.  Jehovah  appears  to  Moses  in 
mount  second  time;  d.  people  sanctified  by 
Moses;  e.  thunderings  the  third  day;  /.  Jeho- 
vah appears  to  Moses  third  time  in  the 
mount;  g.  gives  charge  to  the  people. 


WANDERINGS.  55 

3.  Ten  Commandment 's,  xx.  2-17;     a.  spoken  di- 

rectly to  the  people;  b.  analyze  the  command- 
ments; c.  compare  them  with  Deut.  v.  6-21; 
d.  fear  of  the  people;  e.  Moses  to  be  the 
mediator  between  Israel  and  Jehovah. 

4.  Civil   laws,-xx.\ — xxiii.  13,  18-33.  <z.  servants; 

b.  manslaughter;  c.  stealing;  d.  unintentional 
acts;  e.  idolatry,  etc.,  etc. 

5.  The  feasts,  xxiii.    14-17  ;     Lev.  xxiii.;  Num. 

xxviii-xxix. :  a.  unleavened  bread  or  passover 
— time?  b.  first-fruits,  or  pentecost,  or  weeks, 
or  wheat  harvest — time?  c.  ingatherings  or 
tabernacles  —  time?  d.  give  significance  of 
each. 

6.  Moses,  xxiv:     a.  builds  an  altar;    b.  offers  up 

offerings;  c.  forty  days  and  nights  in  the 
mount,  fourth  ascent;  d.  leaves  the  people 
with  Aaron  and  Hur. 

7.  Tent  of  meeting,  Ex.  xxv — xxxi.,  xxxv — xl: 

( I)  Tabernacle.  I.  Holy  of  Holies:  a.  ark; 
b.  mercy  seat;  <:.  cherubim.  II.  Holy  place: 
a.  altar  of  incense;  b.  table  and  vessels;  c. 
candlestick  and  vessels.  III.  Court:  a.  great 
altar;  b.  laver  of  brass.  (2)  Priests'  gar- 
ments. (3)  Oil  of  anointing.  (4)  dedication: 

a.  time;  b.  services;  c.  cloud  and  glory. 

8.  Golden  calf,  xxxii:  a.  Moses'  delay  in  the  mount; 

b.  Israel  murmurs;  c.  calf  made  by  Aaron; 
d.  return  of  Moses;  e.  breaking  of  tables;  f. 
anger  of  Jehovah;  g.  plea  of  Moses. 


56  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

9.  Glory  of  Jehovah  appears  to  Moses,  Ex.  xxxiii— 
xxxiv:  a.  intent;  b.  in  cleft  of  rock ;  c.  Moses 
hews  two  tables  of  stone;  d.  ascends  (5th 
time)  the  mount;  e.  numerous  commands  for 
Israel;  /.  face  of  Moses  shines. 
Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  ii.  chaps.  9  and  10. 

Blaikie,  Manual,  chap.  6,  sec.  2. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  ii.  chaps.  10-13. 

Humphrey,  Sacred  History,  chap.  23. 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  /. 

Rawlinson,  Moses,  his  Life  and  Times. 

Harper,  Bible  and  Modern  Disc,  on  Site  of  Sinai. 

Gardiner,  O.  and  N.  T.  in  Mut.  Relations,  Lees,  v.,  vi. 

Boardman,  The  Ten  Commandments. 

Green,  W.  H.,  The  Hebrew  Feasts. 

Edersheim,  The  Laws  and  Polity  of  the  Jews. 

Paine,  The  Temple  of  Solomon, 

§33.      DOINGS  AND  LAWS  GIVEN  AT  SINAI  IN  LEV. 
AND  NUM.  I — IX. 

1.  Offerings,  Lev.  i — x;  Num.  xvi:  (i)  Kinds:  a. 

sin;  b.  burnt;  c.  meal;  d.  peace;  e.  guilt  or 
trespass.  (2)  Significance:  a.  sin — expia- 
tory; b.  burnt — self-dedicatory;  c.  meal  and 
(d)  peace — thanksgiving;  e.  trespass — expi- 
atory. Cf.  Rom.  iii.  25;  I  Cor.  i.  30. 

2.  Foods  prohibited  and  permitted,  Lev.  xi:  (read 

only). 

3.  Laws  of  purification,  Lev.  xii — xxii;   Num.  v. 

xix  (read  only). 


WANDERINGS.  57 

4.  Sabbatical  and  jubilee  years,  Lev.  xxv :  a.  laws  of 

work ;  b.  laws  of  redemption ;  c.  application 
to  the  stranger. 

5 .  Enumeration  of  Israel  and  order  of  encampment ', 

Num.  \ — iv:  a.  number  of  Levites;  b.  work 
.     of  Levites;  c.  order  of  tribes  in  camp. 

6.  Nazarite  vow,  Num.  vi:  a.  special  prohibitions; 

b.    special   work;  c.  special   significance;  d. 
some  of  the  greatest  Nazarites  in  history. 

7.  Dedication  of  the  altar,  vii.,  viii:  a.  order  of 

tribes  followed;  b.  sum  of  offerings;  c.  cleans- 
ing of  the  Levites. 

8.  First  passover  observance ',  ix.-x.  10:  a.  time;  b. 

commands;  c.  accompaniments;    d.  trumpet 

commands. 

Literature: 

Edersheim,  Bib.  History,  vol.  ii.  chaps.  14  and  15. 
Kellogg,  Expositor's  Bible,  Leviticus. 
Cave,  Scriptural  Doctrine  of  Sacrifice. 
§34.      FROM  SINAI  TO  THE  ARNON — NUM.   X.  II — 
XXL    13. 

1 .  Time  of  departure  and  order  of  march. 

2.  First  halts,  x.  n — xiiitf.  Taberah,  or  Kibroth 

-hattaavah;  b.  murmurings  of  Israel;  c.  fire 
from  Jehovah;  d.  cry  for  flesh;  e.  seventy 
elders  appointed;  f.  prophets  in  camp;  g. 
surfeit  of  quails;  h.  plague  therefrom ;  *.  in 
Hazeroth;  j.  Aaron  and  Miriam  against 
Moses;  k.  Miriam's  leprosy. 


58  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

3.  Wilderness  of  Paran^  xiii— xiv:  a.  twelve  spies 

sent  out;  b.  extent  of  their  search;  c.  return 
and  double  report — what  was  the  sin  of  the 
spies?  d.  murmur  of  Israel — will  go  back  to 
Egypt;  e.  Jehovah  will  destroy  Israel;/,  plea 
of  Moses;  g.  Israel's  sentence — to  wander 
forty  years;  h.  their  anger — set  upon  the  Ca- 
naanites  in  vain. 

4.  Korah  and  his  host,  xvi:  a.  250  princes  against 

Moses  and  Aaron — jealous  ambition;  b. 
Moses'  test  of  his  mission;  c.  earth  swallows 
the  host  of  Dathan  and  Abiram;  d.  fire  from 
Jehovah  on  250  burners  of  strange  incense 
— Korahites;  e.  plague  slays  14,700. 

5.  Priesthood  of  Levites  established,  xvii — xviii;  a. 

test  of  the  rods;  b.  budding  of  Aaron's;  c. 
charge  of  offerings  put  in  Aaron's  hands;  d. 
tithe  of  Israel  to  Levi;  e.  Levi  to  give  of  his 
tithe  a  tithe. 

6.  Wilderness  of  Zin,  xx.  1-13:  a.   death  of  Mir- 

iam; b.  people  murmur  for  water;  c.  rock 
smitten;  d.  Moses  and  Aaron  punished  for 
disobedience.  

Probably  a   blank  of  thirty-seven  years  between 
verses  ij  and  14.  of  chap.  xx. 

7.  Kadesh  and  Mt.  Hor,"xx.  14 — xxi.  3:  a.  Edom's 

refusal  to  Israel's  request;  b.  Aaron's  death 
and  successor;  c.  Canaanites  destroyed  by 
Israel. 


WANDERINGS.  59 

8.  Horto  Arnon,  xxi.  4-15:  a.  Red  Sea — Ezion 
-geber;  b.  east  of  Mt.  Seir;  c.  fiery  ser- 
pents; d.  serpent  of  brass — use  in  New  Test- 
ament; e.  stations  near  Arnon;  f.  loca- 
tion of  Arnon;  g.  Book  of  Wars  of  Jehovah. 
Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  ii.  chap.  n. 

Blaikie,  Manual,  chap.  6,  sec.  3  and  4. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  ii.  chaps.  i6-2I. 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  8,  i. 

Wilson,  E.  L.,  In  Scripture  Lands,  pp.  53-132. 

Trumbull,  Kadesh  Barnea,  N.  Y.,  1884. 

Price,  Ira  M.,  Lost  writings  quoted  and  referred  to 
in  the  Old  Testament,  Bibliotheca  Sa- 
cra, April,  1889. 

§35.   CONQUESTS  EAST  OF  THE  JORDAN — NUM. 

xxi.  13 — xxxvi.  13. 

1.  Victory  over  Sihon,  king  of  the  Amorites,  xxi. 

13-32:  a.  request  of  Sihon;  b.  Sihon's  refusal 
and  charge;  c.  Israel's  victory;  d.  Heshbon; 
e.  ancient  poems  in  verses  27-30. 

2.  Victory  over   Og,  king  of  Bashan,  xxi.  33-35: 

a.  country  of  Bashan;  b.  people;  c.  capital; 
d.  Israel's  victory. 

3.  Story  of  JBalaam,xxii-iv:(i).  Bamoth-baal:  a. 

seven  altars;  b.  offerings;  c.  parable;  d. 
analyze.  (2).  Pisgah:  a.  altars;  b.  offerings: 
c.  parable;  d.  analyze.  (3).  Peor:  a.  altars; 


60  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

b.  offerings;  c.  parable;  d.  analyze.  (4). 
Spirit  of  Jehovah  upon  him:  a.  prophetic 
vision  of  future  events. 

NOTE — a.  the  advance  in  the  thought  of  the  four  poems;  b. 
character  of  Balaam  as  depicted  in  the  Bible;  c.  explaia  this  phe- 
nomenon. 

5 .  Sin  of  Israel  with  Moab,  xxv :  a .  alliances  with 

Baal-peor;  b.  plague  on  Israel;  c.  Eleazar's 
means  of  staying  the  same. 

6.  Sum  of  Israel,   xxvi:    a.    601,730  and  23,000 

Levites,  cf.  with  Num.  i — iv. 

7.  Inheritance  of  the  daughters  of  Manasseh,  xxvii. 

xxxvi:  a.  among  their  brethren;  b.  general 
law  of  inheritance. 

8.  Israel V  vengeance  on  the  Moabites  and  Midian- 

ites,  xxxi:  a.  number  of  soldiers;  b.  accom- 
paniments; c.  victory  and  slain — Balaam;  d. 
booty — $146,730  in  gold. 

9.  Allotments   to   Reuben,    Gad  and  half -tribe  of 

Manasseh,  xxxii:  a.  requests  of  these  three; 
b.  conditions  of  granting  their  request;  c. 
size  and  boundaries  of  east  of  the  Jordan. 

10.  Cities  of  Refuge,  xxxv:    a.    reason  for  such;  b. 

their  number;  c.  location;  d.  inhabitants;  c. 

laws  regulating  their  use. 
Literature; 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  ii.  chap.  12. 
Blaikie,  chap.  6,  sees.  5  and  6. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iii.  chaps.  1-3. 


WANDERINGS.  61 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lees.  8  and  9. 

Hurlbut,  Man.  Bib.  Geog.,  pp.  47,48. 

Stanley,  Sinai  and  Palestine,  chaps.  7  and  8. 

Merrill,  East  of  the  Jordan. 

Thomson,  Land  and  Book,  vol.  iii.  chaps.  12-18. 

Tristram,  Land  of  Moab. 

Porter,  Giant  Cities  of  Bashan. 

Schumacher,  Across  the  Jordan. 

Geikie,  Old  Test.  Characters,  on  Balaam. 

Hengstenberg  on  Balaam,  in  Com.  on  Daniel. 

Wilberforce,  Heroes  of  Hebrew  History. 


§36.      FINAL   REVIEW  AND  DEATH  OF  MOSES  — 
DEUTERONOMY. 

1.  Review  of  past  forty  years,  \ — iii:  #.  wilderness 

and  Kadesh;  b.  journey  to  Arnon  and  victory 
over  Amorites;  c.  Og  smitten,  and  Joshua 
made  successor  to  Moses. 

2.  Exhortations,  iv.  1-40. 

3.  Cities  of  refuge  east  of  Jordan^  iv.  41-43. 

4.  The  ten  commandments,  w.  commentary  thereon, 

iv.  44 — xxvi.  19:  a.  circumstances  of  delivery; 
b.  ten  commandments;  c.  commentary  on 
them,  v.  22  —  xii.  3;  d.  laws  of  religion  in 
general,  xii.  4  —  xvi.  17;  e.  laws  regulating 
government,  xvi.  18 — xxi.  23  \f.  laws  regulat- 
ing private  and  social  life,  xxii — xxvi;  g.  cf. 
Ex.  xxi-xxiii. 


62  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

5.  The  blessing  and  the  curse,  xxvii — xxx:  a.  at 

Ebal  and  Gerizim. 

6.  Law  in  the  hands  of  the  Levites,  xxxi:    <z.  to 

preserve;  b.  to  read  to  the  people  once  in 
seven  years. 

7.  Song  of  Moses,  xxxii :    #.  analyze  it;  b.  its  char- 

acter; c.  its  purpose. 

8.  Blessings  upon  twelve  tribes,  xxxiii:    a.  descrip- 

tion or  prophecy?  b.  compare  tribe  for  tribe 
with  Gen.  xlix;  c.  do  these  words  accord 
with  Israel's  subsequent  history  ? 

9.  Moses*  ascent  to  Pisgah  and  his  death^  xxxiv:  a« 

view  of  the  promised  land ;  b.  death ;  c.  burial — 
where?  ^.successor;  e.  Israel's  camp,  where  ? 

10.  Stages  of  Israelis  journey  from  JSgypt  to  the 

present  encampment,  Num.  xxxiii. 

Literature: 

Additional  to  §35: 

Blaikie,  Manual,  chap.  vi.  sees.  7  and  8. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iii.  chap.  4. 
Deuteronomy  in  Hastings,  Dictionary  of  the  Bible 
Pisgah  "          "  "  " 

"  Tristram's  Land  of  Moab. 

Drysdale,  Early  Bible  Songs,  pp.  59-99. 


SIXTH  PERIOD. 

CONQUEST.     ENTRANCE    INTO    CANAAN 
TO  THE  JUDGES,  B.  C.  1451-1400. 


§37.      THE  ENTRANCE   INTO    CANAAN — JOSH.  I-IX. 

1.  Canaan,  size,  boundary,  contour :  see  §§2  and  3. 

2.  Inhabitants  of  Canaan:  a.  in  lowlands  and  high- 

lands; b.  religion;  c.  nationality;  d.  warlike- 
ness. 

3.  Joshua:  I.  a.  early  life;  b.  spy;  c.  warrior;  d. 

devoted  to  Jehovah;  e.  Ephraimite.  II.  a. 
word  of  Jehovah  to  Joshua;  b.  word  of  Joshua 
to  people;  c.  role  of  the  two  and  a  half  tribes 
in  the  conquest. 

4.  Spies  despatched  to  Jericho:  #.  purpose;  £.  con- 

dition of  people  of  Jericho  ;  c.  Rahab;  d. 
success  of  the  spies. 

5.  Crossing,  iii-iv;  Ps.  cxiv:  a.  three  days  for  sanc^ 

tification;  b.  order  of  crossing;  c.  twelve 
stones  carried  out;  d.  time — loth  day  of  first 
month. 

6.  Encampment  in  Canaan,  v:  a.  Gilgal,  Hos.  iv. 

15;  Judg.  iii.  19,  26;  b.  rite  of  circumcision 
renewed,  cf.  Gen.  xvii.  10-14;  c.  passover 
observed;  d.  manna  ceased,  second  day  after 
passover;  e.  vision  of  Joshua. 

63 


64  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

7.  Destruction  of  Jericho,  vi;  Ps.  xliv.  1-3:  a.  or- 

der of  compassing  the  city;  b.  time  and  re- 
sult on  seventh  day;  c.  Rahab  saved,  Matt. 
i.  5;  Heb.  xi.  31;  Jas.  \\.2$\d.  curse  on  re- 
builder  of  Jericho,  cf.  I  Kings  xvi.  34. 

8.  Overthrow  of  Ai,  vii — viii.  29:  a.  first  attack  re- 

pulsed; b.  Achan's  sin  and  punishment;  c. 
casting  lot  —  what  was  it?  d.  Ai  destroyed. 

9.  First  altar  of  Israel  in  Canaan,  viii.  30-35 :  a.  of 

unhewn  stone;  b.  according  to  the  law  of 
Moses;  c.  burnt  and  peace  offerings;  d.  in 
Ebal;  e.  laws  all  read. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  ii.  chap.  13. 

Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  101-7. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iii.  chaps.  5-8. 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  TO. 

Hurlbut,  Man.  Bib.  Geog.,  pp.  51-54. 

McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §§  182-4. 

Thomson,  Land  and  Book,  vol.  iii. 

Deane,  B.,  Joshua,  Men  of  the  Bible,  chaps,  i-v. 

Sayce,  Early  Israel  and  Surrounding  Nations,  ch.  2. 

St.  Clair, Buried  Cities  a.  Bib.  Countries,  pp.  114-41. 

Harper,  Bible  and  Mod.  Discoveries,  chap.  3. 

§38.      THE  SOUTHERN     CAMPAIGN — JOSHUA  IX — X. 

1.  Terror  among  the  nations,  ix.  I,  2. 

2.  Gibeon's  deceit  and  success ,  ix.  3-27:  a.  ambas- 

sador  from   far-off  country — mention    only 


CONQUEST.  65 

wars  east  of  Jordan;  b.  Joshua's  compassion 
and  treaty;  c.  consequences  to  Gibeon;  d. 
results  to  Israel — (cf.  2  Sam.  xxi.  i-u). 

3.  Conspiracy  against     Gibeon,   x.    1-5:    a.    five 

kings  combine;  b.  besiege  the  fortress  of 
Gibeon. 

4.  Great  battle  at  Gibeon,  x.  6-14:  a.  Gibeonites 

call  to  Joshua;  b.  Israel's  night  march;  c. 
onset  at  daybreak  with  the  shout,  "God 
is  mighty  in  battle,  God  is  his  name;"  d. 
defeat  and  pursuit  to  Beth-horon;  e.  hail- 
stones (cf.  Judg.  iv.  1 5  and  v.  21;  i  Sam.  vii. 
10)  and  victory. 

5.  Joshua's  prayer,  x.  12,  13:  a.  sun  standing  still 

— explanations  (cf.  Stanley,  p.  221  sq.;  Jo- 
sephusBk.  v.  i);  b.  book  of  Jashar  (cf.  2  Sam. 
i.  18-27);  c.  consider  that  (i)  it  is  poetry  (cf. 
Judg.  v.  20;  Ps.  xcviii.  8 ;  xcvii.  $ ;  Isa.  Iv.  12), 
(2)  it  is  a  quotation,  (3)  the  doctrine  of  inspir- 
ation demands  only  that  we  have  an  accurate 
text  of  the  passage  quoted,  cf.  also  Geikie, 
vol.  ii.  p.  4 1 7. 

6.  Slaughter  of  the  five  kings,  x.  16-27:  a.  hidden 

and  caught  in  a  cave;  b.  brought  forth  and 
trodden  upon;  c.  slain  and  hanged  till  eve- 
ning (cf.  Deut.  xxi.  23);  d.  buried  in  the  cave. 

7.  Further  conquests,  x.  28-43:  a.  Makkedah;  b. 

Libnah;  c.  Lachish;  d.  Eglon;  e.  Hebron; 
/.  South  Country;  g.  Kadesh  Barnea  to 
Gaza;  *.  return  to  Gilgal. 


68  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

8.     Cities  and  kings  destroyed,  xii.  9-18. 

Literature: 

Deane,  Joshua,  Men  of  the  Bible,  chap.  vi. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iii.  chaps.  9  and  10. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  n. 
Price,  Lost  Writings,  etc.,  Bib.  Sacra,  April  '89, 
on  Book  of  Jashar. 

§39.      THE  NORTHERN   CAMPAIGN — JOSH.  XI. 

1.  The  Northern  combination ,  xi.  1-5:  a.  leader; 

b.  composition  of  the  army;  c.  camp,  where? 
d.  first  mention  of  Merom;  e.  peoples  and 
lands  represented. 

2.  Jehovah's  command  and  assurance  to  Joshua, 

xi.  6. 

3.  Israel's  attack  and  victory,  xi.  7-1 5 :  a.  sudden 

attack;  b.  surprise  and  rout  of  the  enemy;  c. 
destruction  of  horses  (first  use  mentioned)  and 
chariots;  d.  cities  and  spoil  saved,  except 
Hazor,  but  people  all  destroyed. 

4.  Summary  of  Joshua's  conquests,  xi.  16-23:   a. 

all  he  met  he  destroyed,  except  the  Gibeon- 
ites;  b.  it  was  of  Jehovah;  c.  Anakim,  near 
Hebron,  destroyed. 

5.  Summary  of  kings  slain,  xii.  19-24. 

6.  The  extermination  of  the  Canaanites:  a.  Canaan 

belonged  to  Jehovah  to  do  as  he  chose  there- 
with; b.  providential  history  proceeds  with 
seeming  indifference  to  life — floods,pestilence, 


CONQUEST.  67 

famine,  etc.;  c.  it  was  in  accordance  with  an 
explicit  command  of  Jehovah  (cf.  Deut.  vii. 
1-$)  that  they  should  have  been  destroyed; 
d.  Arnold,  in  Sermons, vi.  35-37  says:  "The 
Israelites'  sword,  in  its  bloodiest  executions, 
wrought  a  work  of  mercy  to  all  the  countries 
of  the  earth  to  the  very  end  of  the  world." 

Literature: 

Deane,  Joshua,  Men  of  the  Bible,  chap.  i.  vii. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  12. 

On  Extermination  of  the  Canaanites  consult  the 
following : 
Northrup,  Dr.    G.  W.,  "The  Standard,"  April  21, 

1881. 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  n,  pp.  223-8. 
Hengstenberg,  Genuineness  of  the  Pentateuch,  vol. 

ii.  pp.  387-417- 
Arnold,  Sermons,  vi.  35  sq. 
Oehler,    Old  Testament  Theology  (Day's  Trans.), 

pp.  81-85. 
Mozley,  Lectures  on  Old  Testament,  Lee.  4.  and  5. 

$40.  SETTLEMENT  OF  THE  TRIBES — JOSH.  XIII — 

XXII. 

I  East  of  the  Jordan,  xiii;  Num.  xxxii.  1-38:  a. 
Reuben;  b.  Gad;  c.  half- tribe  of  Manasseh. 

2.  Levites  and  Caleb,  xiv.,  xxi:  a.  Levites  in  cities 
— 48  and  suburbs;  b.  in  cities  of  refuge  (See 
§35,  I0);  C-  distribution  and  number  west 
of  Jordan;  d.  Caleb's  inheritance. 


68  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

3.  Judah,  xv:  a.  boundaries;  b.  number  of  cities 

possessed;  c.  character  of  territory;  d.  chief 
city — Hebron. 

4.  Ephraim,  xvi:  a.  location  and  boundaries;  b,  con- 

tour of  country;  c.  chief  cities — Shiloh  and 
Shechem. 

5.  Manassehy  xvii:     a.   adjacent  to   Ephraim;   b. 

boundaries;  c.  chief  city — Megiddo. 
£ .     Tent  of  meeting  located,  (xviii.  i-io)  and  twenty- 
one  surveyors  sent  out:  a,  Shiloh,    religious 
headquarters;  b.  seven  tribes  to  be  provided 
for. 

7.  Benjamin,  xviii.  11-28:  a.  boundaries;  b.  cities 

by  number;  c.  chief  city — Jerusalem. 

8.  Simeon,  xix.  1-9:  a.  boundaries;  b.  number  of 

cities. 

9.  Zebulont  xix.  10-16:  a.  boundaries — no  water- 

lines;  b.  number  of  cities. 

10.  Issachar,  xix.  17-23:  a.  location;  b.  boundary; 

c.  cities. 

11.  Asher^  xix.  24-31:  a.  amount  of  sea  coast;  b. 

boundary  to  east;  c.  cities. 

12.  Naphtali,  xix.  32-39:  a.  sources  of  Jordan;  b. 

bound  otherwise;  c.  cities  and  villages. 

13.  Dan,  xix.  40-48:  a.  exact  boundaries;  b.  size; 

c.  character  of  the  country. 

14.  Departure    of  East-Jordanic  tribes,    xxii:   a. 

Joshua's  charge;  b.  altar  built  at  Jordan; 
c.  suspicions  and  wrath  of  West-Jordanic 
tribes;  d.  interview  results  in  peace. 


CONQUEST.  69 

15.   Draw  a  tribal  map  of  Palestine,  indicating  for 
each  tribe:  a.  boundaries;  b.  chief  cities;  c. 
principal  mountain  points. 
Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  ii.  latter  part  of  chap.  13. 

Blaikie,  Manual,  chap.  7,  sec.  3. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iii.  chaps.  1  1  and  12. 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  12. 

Hurlbut,  Man.  of  Bib.  Geog.,  pp.  55-59. 

McCurdy,  Hist,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §§  185-6. 

Deane,  Joshua,  chaps,  viii.-x. 


JOSHUA'S  DEPARTURE  AND  CONDITION   OF 
THE  LAND.  —  JOSHUA  XXIII  —  XXIV. 

1.  Joshua^  s  parting  words,  xxiii:  a.  allotment  of 

nations  to  Israel;  b.  observe  the  law  of  Moses; 
c.  courage  and  victory  consequent  on  obedi- 
ence; d.  alliance  with  these  peoples  is  de- 
struction; e.  God's  promises  to  me  are  ful- 
filled; f.  \i  you  forsake  God,  destruction  will 
follow. 

2.  Joshuas  historic  review  and  covenant  ',  xxiv.  2-2  8  : 

a.  outline  history  from  Abraham  to  present; 

b.  call  to  put  away  other  gods;  c.  people  re- 
solve  to   serve  Jehovah;  d.  Joshua's  denial 
and  covenant;   e.    stone  set  up  as  a  witness. 

3.  Joshua's  death,  xxiv.  29-30;  Judg  ii.  6-10:  a. 

no  years  old;  b.  buried  in  Timnath-  serah 
in  Ephraim. 


70  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

4.  Burial  of  Josephs  bones,  xxiv.  32:  a.  brought 

from  Egypt;  b.  buried  in  Shechem;  c.  other 
sacred  associations  at  Shechem. 

5.  Tribes  all  settled:    a.  east   of  Jordan — which 

ones?  b.  west  of  Jordan — which?  c.  location 
of  each  tribe. 

6.  Remains   of  unconquered  peoples,  Judg.   i:  a. 

fortresses — in  which  tribes?  b.  towns;  c.  mi- 
gratio  ns — according  to  tradition. 

7.  Some  results  of  the  conquest:    a.  settlement  of 

Israel  as  a  nation;  b.  living  and  constant 
contact  with  the  Canaanites;  £.  establishment 
of  laws  of  inheritance,  etc.,  cf.  Boaz,  Ruth, 
Barzillai  and  Naboth. 

Literature: 

Deane,  Joshua,  chaps,  xi.-xiii. 

Blaikie,  Manual,  chap.  7,  sec.  4. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iii.  chap.  12 

Sayce,  Egypt  of  the  Hebrews,  chap.  3. 

§42.      SUPPLEMENTARY  TO  THE  CONQUEST.-  -JUDG. 
I.,  XVII — XXI. 

1.  Conquests  of  Judah,   Simeon  and  Joseph,  i:  a. 

against  Adoni-bezek;  b.  Jerusalem;  c.  Ca- 
naanites; d.  Bethel. 

2.  Danite  migration,   xvii.,    xviii:    a.    Micah;   b. 

kind  of  idolatry  rife;  c.  the  Levite;  d.  his 
employer;  e.  Danite  spies;  f.  result  of  their 
trip ;  g.  advance  of  the  army  and  robbery  of 
Micah;  h.  new  territory  acquired,  and  its 
boundaries — Laish,  Dan. 


CONQUEST.  71 

3.  Civil  war,   xix — xxi:    a.  cause  (cf.  I  Sam.  xi. 

7),  revealing  corruptness  of  Israel;  b.  national 
indignation;  c.  assembly  at  Mizpeh;  ^.400,- 
ooo  men  against  Benjamin;  e.  repulses  of 
Israel;  f.  defeat  of  Benjamin  and  reduction 
to  600;  g.  means  of  rinding  wives  for  these. 

4.  Israel's  tendency  to  idolatry  in  Judges  due  to:  a. 

ease  in  quiet  homes;  b.  language  common 
with  the  Canaanites;  c.  intermarriage  with 
Canaanites;  d.  want  of  a  leader — no  central 
power;  e.  lack  of  defenses — no  army  organi- 
zation. 

$•  Seats  of  worship  at  this  time  (cf.  Zech.  x.  2; 
Hos.  iii.  4;  2  Kings  xxiii.  24;  I  Sam.  xix. 
16):  a.  in  every  home;  b.  with  teraphim,  etc.; 
c.  attended  by  a  priest;  d.  in  imitation  of 
the  Canaanites. 

Literature: 

Blaikie,  Manual,  chap.  8,  sees.  2  and  3. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iii.  chaps.  13  and  21, 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  13,  sees.  I,  4-6. 

Hurlbut,  Man.  Bib.  Geog.,  p.  6l. 

Lang,  Gideon  and  the  Judges,  chap.  iv. 

Sayce,  Higher  Crit.  and  Mon.,  chap.  6. 


SEVENTH  PERIOD. 

JUDGES.     RULE   OF    JUDGES    TO  ESTAB- 
LISHMENT OF  KINGDOM.     B.  C. 

1400 — 1095. 


SEVEN    OPPRESSIONS   AND    FIFTEEN  JUDGES. 


$43.       FIRST     THREE      OPPRESSIONS     AND     THREE 
JUDGES. — JUDGES  II.   II — III.  31. 

1.  Introduction  to  this  Period,  ii.  n — iii.  6:  a.  Is- 

rael did  evil— served  other  gods;  b.  anger  of 
Jehovah  against  Israel;  c.  purpose  of  Jeho- 
vah in  leaving  unconquered  peoples  in  the 
land,  iii.  1-6. 

2.  Mesopotamian  invasion,    iii.  7-11:   a.  home  of 

oppressors;  b.  king  of  oppressors;  c.  length 
of  time  of  oppression;  d.  deliverers;  c.  peace 
for  40  years. 
Otkniel,first]M&%t,  of  Judah. 

3.  Moabite  oppression^  iii.    12-30:  0.  Moab,    with 

Ammon  and  Amalek,  smite  Israel  and  take 
Jericho;  b.  separate  homes  of  these  peoples; 
c.  king  of  Moab ;  d.  years  of  oppression ;  e. 
Ehud,  of  Benjamin,  slew  Eglon;  /.  slaughter 
at  Jordan — how  great?  g.  land  had  rest  80 
years. 

72 


JUDGES.  73 


Ehud,  second  judge,  of  Benjamin. 

4.     First  Philistine  oppression,  iii.  31. 

Shamgar,  third  judge,  deliverer. 


Review:  Give  of  the  three  oppressions:  a.  op- 
pressor; b.  length  of  oppression;  c.  deliverers;  d. 
time  of  rest. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  ii.  chap.  14  and  part  of  15. 
Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  108-9. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iii.  chap.  14. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  14  in  part. 
Hurlbut,  Man.  Bib.  Geog.,  pp.  61,  62. 
McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §  188. 


CANAANITE  AND  MIDIANITE   OPPRESSIONS. — 
JUDGES  IV — VIII. 

I.  Canaanite  oppression,  iv:  a.  oppressors  —  na- 
tives of  the  land;  b.  20  years  oppression;  c. 
army  of  900  chariots  of  iron;  d.  Deborah,  of 
Ephraim,  arouses  Barak,  of  Naphtali ;  e.  Is- 
sachar,  Zebulon  and  Naphtali  at  Tabor  meet 
and  rout  the  host  of  Sisera;  /.  storm  aids;  jr. 
Jael's  murder  of  Sisera;  h.  "God  subdued 
Jabin,  the  king  of  Canaan;"  i.  land  had  rest 
40  years;/,  similar  battles  in  history,  (i) 
Cressy,  (2)  Timoleon  against  the  Carthagin- 
ians. 


74  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Deborah,  fourth  judge,  of  Ephraim. 

2.  Deborah's  song ;  v:  analyze,  noting   a.    th$  pre- 

lude; b.  reference  to  exodus;  c.  dismay  of  Is- 
rael; d.  change;  e.  assembling  oftroops;/.  rec- 
reants who  did  not  appear;  g.  battle  and  flight ; 
h.  destroyer;  i.  mother  in  anxiety;/  the  tri- 
umph. 

3.  Midianite  oppression,  vi — viii:  a.  Amalek,  Mid- 

ian  and  children  of  the  East  oppress  Israel 
seven  years;  b.  Israel's  abject  cowardice:  (i) 
hidden  in  rocks,  (2)  caves,  (3)  strongholds; 
c.  a  prophet  appears;  d.  Gideon's  call:  (i)the 
angel,  (2)  offering  of  Gideon,  (3)  altar  built; 
e.  destruction  of  Baal  worship ;/.  evidence  of 
truth  of  God's  word — fleece;  g.  army  called: 
(i)  faint-hearted  return,  (2)  lappers  only  re- 
main— 300;  h.  dream  of  the  Midianite;  /.  vic- 
tory of  300;  j.  results:  (i)  attempt  to  estab- 
lish a  royal  line,  (2)  teraphim  made  of  the 
spoils — Gideon  its  priest,  (3)  Gideon  polyga- 
mous, (4)  leads  Israel  astray,  (5)  land  had 
rest  40  years. 
Gideon,  fifth  judge,  of  Manasseh. 

4.  Abimelech,    ix:    a.  son  of  a  maid  of  Shechem; 

b.  appears    to    Shechemites  for   his  claim; 

c.  is    granted  a  subsidy;    d.  slays  seventy 
brethren,  except  Jotham;  e.  Jotham's  parable, 
first  in  history  (olive,  fig,  vine,  bramble);  /. 
Abimelech  made  king  in  Shechem;  g.  rules 


JUDGES.  75 

three  years;  h.  fights  three  battles — Shechem 
assaulted;  i.  slain  by  a  millstone  dropped  by 
a  woman  at  Thebez. 
Abimelechy  sixth  judge,  of  Manasseh. 

Review:  Give  a.  location  of  the  oppressors;  b. 
time;  c.  severity  of  the  oppression;  d.  deliverer  in 
each  case. 

Judges  thus  far:  I.  Othniel;  2.  Ehud;  3.  Sham- 
gar;  4.  Deborah  (and  Barak) ;  5.  Gideon;  6.  Abim- 
elech.  

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  ii.  chaps.  15  and  16  in  part. 
Blaikie,  Manual,  chap.  8,  sec.  i. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iii.  chaps.  i5-l/« 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  14  in  part  and  15. 
Hurlbut,  Man.  Bib.  Geog.,  p.  62. 
Thomson,  Land  and  Book,  vol.  ii.  p.  179  sq. 
McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §  189. 
Mozley,   Lectures  on  the  Old  Test.  Lees.  6  and  7. 
Lang,  Gideon  and  the  Judges,  chaps,  v.,  viii.-xx. 
Drysdale,  Early  Bible  Songs,  pp.  101-124. 

$45.      AMMONITE  AND  PHILISTINE   OPPRESSIONS. — 
JUDGES  X — XI. 

I.  Tola,  seventh  judge,  of  Issachar,  x.  I,  2:  a. 
abode  in  Shamir  of  Ephraim;  b.  judged  Is- 
rael 23  years. 


76  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

2.  Jair,  eighth  judge,  Gileadite,  x.  3-5:  a.  had  30 

sons  who  rode  30  ass-colts;  b.  had  30  cities; 
c.  judged  Israel  22  years. 

3.  Ammonite  oppression^  x.  6 — xii.   7 :   a.  Israel's 

idolatry;  b.  oppression  18  years;  c.  distress 
of  Israel;  d.  Jehovah's  message  and  Israel's 
resolve  at  Mizpeh;  e.  Jephthah  chosen  as 
leader;/,  his  conditional  acceptance;^,  mes- 
sage to  Ammon  and  reply;  h.  Jephthah's 
vow;  /.  slaughter — 20  cities;  /.  reception  at 
home;  k.  daughter's  valor  and  lament;  /.  vow 
performed  (cf.  $24.  8);  m.  memorial  four 
days  in  the  year;  n.  Jephthah's  slaughter  of 
the  jealous  Ephraimites — Shibboleth  test. 
Jephthah,  ninth  judge,  six  years. 

4.  Compare  the  characters  of  Gideon  and  Jephthah. 

5.  Ibzan,  tenth  judge,  of  Bethlehem,  xii.  8-10:  a. 

had  30  sons  and  30  daughters;  b.  judged  Is- 
rael seven  years. 

6.  Eton,   eleventh  judge,  of  Zebulon,  xii.  II,    12: 

judged  Israel  ten  years.  , 

7.  Abdon,  twelfth  judge,  of  Ephraim,™..  13-1$: 

a.  had  40  sons  and  30  grandsons,  who  rode 
on  70  asses;  b.  judged  Israel  eight  years. 

8.  Samson,  of  Dan,  and  the  Philistine  oppression, 

(40  years),   xiii — xvi:   a.  appeal  of  Manoah; 

b.  angel  of  Jehovah;  c.  birth  of  Samson;  d. 
spirit    of  Jehovah  upon  him;  e.  finds  a  wo- 
man in  Timnath;  f.  kills  a  lion;^*.  wedding- 


JUDGES.  77 

feast;  h.  riddle;  /.  solution,  and  slaughter 
of  the  Ashkelonites;  J.  wife  given  away 
and  grain  burnt  by  300  jackals;  k.  hides 
in  Etam;  /.  Israel  delivers  him  up — slays 
1000  Philistines  with  the  jaw-bone  of  an  ass; 
m.  carries  off  gates  of  Gaza;  n.  Delilah's 
treachery,  Samson's  humility;  o.  final  Philis- 
tine clown  and  destroyer;  p.  judged  Israel  2O 
years. 
Samson,  thirteenth  judge,  of  Dan. 

NOTE — Samson  the  first  recorded  Nazarite. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  ii.  chap.  16;  vol.  iii.  chap.  I. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iii.  chaps.  18-20. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  16. 
McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §§  189-94. 
Hurlbut,  Man.  Bib.  Geog.,  pp.  63,  64. 
Lang,  Gideon  and  the  Judges,  chap.  7. 
"  Samson  "  in  Dictionaries  of  the  Bible. 
Milton,  John,  Samson  Agonistes. 

§46.      RUTH. — RUTH    I — IV. 

1.  Time:  a.  when  judges  judged;  b.  famine  in  land 

c.  mention  other  famines  already  met  in  our 
study. 

2.  Emigration  to  Moab:  a.   names  of  persons;  b. 

alliances  made  there;  c.  fatalities. 

3.  Return  to  Israel:  a.  report   of  plenty;  b.  Na- 

omi's company  and  request;  c.  Orpah  obeys, 


78  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Ruth  clings  to  her  mother-in-law;  d.  arrival 
at  Bethlehem. 

4.  Court  transactions:  a.  Ruth   gleans   in  Boaz's 

field;  b.  received  with  favor;  c.  promise  of 
Boaz;  d.  redemption  council;  e.  nearest  kins- 
man failing,  Boaz  redeems;  /.  attestation  by 
an  old  shoe;  g.  Ruth  becomes  wife  of  Boaz. 

5.  Purpose  of  the  book:  a.  give  us  a  charming  do- 

mestic incident  in  the  midst  of  the  dark 
ages  of  the  judges;  b.  beautiful  and  vivid 
picture  of  one  of  the  ancestors  of  our  Lord 
(iv.  18-22). 

6.  Compare  this  book  with  Esther. 

Literature: 

Blaikie,  Manual,  chap.  8,  sec.  3  (4). 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iii.  chap.  21. 
Geikie,  Old  Testament  Characters,  on  Ruth. 
Expositor's  Bible,  Judges  and  Ruth. 


ELI    AND    THE    FALL    OF    SHILOH. — I  SAM. 
I.  J — II. 

1.  First  appearance  of  Eli,  i.  9,  14-17:  a.  priest  at 

door   of  temple   of  Jehovah;    b.    rebuking 
Hannah;  c.  favorable  answer  to  Hannah. 

2.  Sons  of  Eli,  ii.  12-17,22-25:  a.  sons  of  Belial, 

(i)  in  priest's  office,  (2)  in  private  life;  b.  Eli's 
mild  rebuke;  c.  Eli's  sin  (vs.  29  and  iii.  13). 

3.  Message  of  Man  of  God,  ii.   27-36:  a.  God's 


JUDGES.  79 

past  goodness  disregarded ;  b.  certain  down- 
fall of  Eli's  house;  c.  a  faithful  priest  to  rise 
up;  d.  sure  house  and  faithful  service  for- 
ever (cf.  xvi.  13;  I  Chron.xvii.i3;Ps.  xcix.  6). 

4.  Visions  of  Samuel  for  Eli,  iii.  11-18:  a.  curse 

on  Eli's  house  because  of  his  lack  of  restraint 
of  his  sons;  b.  curse  not  to  be  purged  by 
sacrifice;  c.  Eli's  submission. 

5.  Loss  of  the  ark  and  Eli 's  death,  iv.  i-i  8 :  a.  Israel 

loses  4,000  men  in  the  first  battle  with  the 
Philistines;  b.  Philistines  capture  the  ark  in 
second  battle  and  slay  Eli's  sons;  c.  Philistines 
supposed  they  had  captured  Jehovah  (cf.  Ho- 
sea  x.  6;  Isa.  xlvi.  i;  Jer.  xlviii.  7;  xlix.  3; 
Dan.  xi.  8);  d.  sad  news  breaks  Eli's  heart 
and  neck;  e.  98  years  old;/",  judge  40  years. 
Eli,  fourteenth  judge,  a  Levite. 

6.  Shiloh:  a.  what  became  of  the  tabernacle  (cf.  2 

Chron.  i.  5;  v.  5)?  b.  where  did  Samuel  go? 
c.  was  Shiloh  laid  waste  by  the  Philistines 
(Ps.  Ixxviii.  60,  67;  Jer.  vii.  12,  14;  xxvi.  6, 
9;  cf.  i  Kings  xi.  29)? 

7.  The  ark  in  Philistia  and  returned,  v.  i — vii.  2: 

a.  at  Ashdod,  (i )  Dagon  humbled,  (2)  plague 
of  tumors,  (3)  ark  sent  to  Gath;  b.  at  Gath, 
(i)  city  smitten,  (2)  tumors  on  all;  c.  at 
Ekron,  (i)  plague  follows,  (2)  priests  advise 
return  with  a  guilt  offering;  d.  returned  to 
Beth-shemesh,  (i)  cart  and  cows,  (2)  go 


80  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

straight  ahead;  e.  fatality  in  Beth  -shemesh; 

f.  ark  in  Kirjath-jearim  twenty  years. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iii.  chaps.  I  in  part  and  2. 
Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §  no. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iv.  chaps.  1-3. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  17. 
Deane,  Samuel  and  Saul,  chaps,  i.  and  ii. 
Geikie,  Old  Test.  Characters,  on  Eli. 
Expositor's  Bible,  First  Samuel. 

$48.      SAMUEL  AS  JUDGE    AND    RULER    TO  ACCES- 
SION  OF   SAUL. — I    SAM.   I — XI. 

1.  HannaWs  victory ',  i:  a.  request;  b.  promise;  c. 

son — Nazarite  (cf.  §33,  6);  d.  consecration 
at  Shiloh. 

2.  Hannah's  prayer,  ii.  (cf.  Anna,  in  Tobit.  i.  9; 

Luke  ii.  36):  a.  analyze  it;  b.  similar  song 
Luke  i.  46-55,  67-79;  c.  first  individual  (not 
national)  song. 

3.  Samuel's  ministry  with   Eli,  iiiv  I — iv.   i:  a. 

thrice  called;  b.  God's  curse  on  Eli;  c.  Sam- 
uel established  as  a  prophet;  d.  revelations 
to  him  for  Israel. 

4.  After  twenty  years'  silence,  Samuel  is  judge,  vii. 

3-14:  a.  host  at  Mizpeh  turn  to  Jehovah 
(pour  out  water,  cf.  Josh.  vii.  5;  Ps.  xxii.  14; 
Lam.  ii.  19);  b.  Samuel  cries  to  Jehovah 
against  the  Philistines;  c.  Jehovah  thundered 


JUDGES.  81 

against  the  Philistines  with  a  mighty  storm;  d. 
Eben-ezer  set  up. 

5.  Samuel  is  circuit  judge,  vii.  15  —  viii.  22:  a.  altar 

and  home  in  Ramah  ;  b.  annual  circuit,  Bethel, 
Gilgal,  and  Mizpeh;  c.  his  sons  pervert  judg- 
ment in  Beer-sheba;  d.  demand  of  the  people 
for  a  king;  e.  Jehovah's  answer  to  Samuel; 
f.  second  demand  and  Jehovah's  command 
that  Samuel  make  them  a  king. 

6.  Samuel's  ear  Her  relations  to  Saul,  ix.  I  —  xi.  13: 

a.  Saul  and  the  lost  asses;  b.  Samuel  anoints 
Saul  king;  c.  Samuel  assembles  the  people  at 
Mizpeh,    and   Saul  chosen  by  lot;  d.  Sam- 
uel's part  in  the  Ammonite  war. 
Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iii.  chap.  3. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iv.  chaps.  1-3  in  part, 
all  of  4-6. 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lees.  18  and  19. 

Deane,  Samuel  and  Saul,  chaps,  iii.  and  iv. 

McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.t  §  195. 

Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §  in. 

Briggs,  Messianic  Prophecy,  chap.  5,  §40. 

Drysdale,  Early  Bible  Songs,  pp.  125-137. 


SAMUEL  UNDER  A  KING,  SAUL.  —  I    SAM. 
XII.,  XIII.  8-15;   XV.,  XVI.  I-I3;   XIX.  1  8-2  2. 

SamueVs  address,  xi.  I4~xii.:  a.  Saul  king  in 
Gilgal;  b.  Samuel  retires  because  (i)  Israel 
has  a  king,  (2)  he  is  old;  c.  challenge  to  im- 


82  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

peach  his  past  honesty;  d.  epitome  of  past 
mercies  upon  penitent  idolaters;  e.  king  set 
up  at  people's  request;  /.  favor  of  God  de- 
pendent on  obedience;  g.  thunder  of  God's 
anger  against  sin;  h.  Samuel's  prayer  with- 
out ceasing,  (cf.  Joshua's  address,  Joshua  xxiv.). 

2.  SamuePs  rebuke  of  Saul,  xiii.  8-14;  xv:  a,  Gil- 

gal  in  presence  of  Philistine  army;  b. first 
prophecy  of  downfall  of  his  kingdom;  c. 
command  to  smite  Amalek;  d.  disobedience 
condemned;  e.  Saul's  penitence  unrewarded, 
downfall  of  his  kingdom  prophesied  second 
time. 

3 .  Samuel  anoints  a  second  king,  David,  over  Israel 

— xvi.i-13 :  #.  Jehovah  rejects  Saul;  b.  Samuel 
visits  Jesse  at  Bethlehem  to  sacrifice;  c.  of 
eight  sons,  Jehovah  chooses  the  youngest, 
David;  d.  Samuel  anoints  him  successor  to 
Saul;  e.  spirit  of  Jehovah  on  David;  f.  Sam- 
uel goes  to  Ramah. 

4.  Samuel  in  Ramah,  xix.    1 8-22:  a.   his  home, 

altar  and  place  of  worship  (vii.  17):  b.  Samuel 
head  of  the  school  of  prophets  (xix.  20) ;  c. 
Ramah  prophetic  headquarters;  d.  David  es- 
capes to  Samuel;  e.  Saul  likewise  falls  in  with 
same  spirit  of  prophesying;  f.  Samuel  died 
in  Ramah  (xxv.  i)  mourned  for  by  all  Israel. 

5.  Character  of  the  period:  a.  end  of  the  theoc- 

racy, beginning  of  the  monarchy;  b.  blend- 


JUDGES.  83 

ing  of  worship  in  Shiloh  with  new  order  of 
priests;  c.  beginning  of  the  order  of  prophets 
— schools;  d.  the  dawn  between  darkness 
and  light;  e.  the  transition  from  oppression 
to  peace. 

6.  Character  of  Samuel  and  his  place  in  history: 

a.  a  Levite,  his  grandson  was  Heman  the  sing- 
er,! Chron.vi. 28,33;  ^.a  writer, i  Sam.x.25;  i 
Chron.  xxix.  29;  c.  judge;  d.  priest;  e.  pro- 
phet; /.  anointed  Saul  and  David;  g.  estab- 
lished schools  of  prophets;  h.  influence  re- 
cognized in  later  times,  cf.  i  Chron.  xi.  3;  ix. 
22;  xxvi.  28;  i.  compare  him  with  Moses, 
Jer.  xv.  i;  Ps.  xcix.  6;  Heb.  ii.  23,  32. 

7.  Samuel's   appearance   to  the  witch  of  Endor^ 

xxviii.3-25. 

8.  Locate  the  geographical  points  of  this  section:  a. 

Gilgal;  £. Bethlehem;  c.  Ramah;  d.  Mizpch; 

e.  En  dor. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iii.  chap.  4. 
Blaikie,  Manual,  chap.  9,  sec.  I. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iv.  chaps.  7-9. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lees.  18  and  19. 
Smith,  Old  Test  History,  chap.  19. 
Deane,  Samuel  and  Saul,  chaps,  vi.,  vii.,  ix.,  x.,  xiii. 
Blaikie,  Expositor's  Bible,  First  Samuel. 
Price,  Ira  M.,  Schools  of  the  Sons  of  the  Prophets, 
Old  Test.  Student,  March  '89. 


EIGHTH  PERIOD. 

THE  KINGDOM.     ESTABLISHMENT  TO 
DISRUPTION.     B.  C.  ca.  1050-931. 

$50.     SAUL'S  SANE  CAREER — I  SAM.  IX — XVIII. 

1.  Discovery,  anointing  and  election,  ix-x.26:  a. 

man  of  God — Samuel;  b.  events  of  the  feast; 
c.  Saul  anointed;  d.  Saul  among  prophets 
(cf.  xix.  18-24);  e.  elected  by  lot — what  was 
the  lot? 

2.  Ammonite  war,  xi:  a.  location  and  territory  of 

Ammonites;  b.  ancestry;  c.  call  of  East-Jor- 
danic  peoples  for  help;  d.  Saul's  response 
and  victory;  e.  confirmed  as  king  of  Israel. 

3.  First   Philistine   invasion,  xiii:    a.  Israel  3,000 

men;  b.  Philistine  outposts;  c.  Jonathan's 
victory  over  outpost  at  Geba;  d.  Philistine 
army  30,000  chariots,  6,000  horsemen,  people 
as  sand  on  the  sea — encamped  at  Michmash; 
e.  Israel's  flight  to  Gilgal;  f.  Saul's  sacrilege; 
g.  Samuel's  rebuke  and  prophecy;  h.  Philistine 
guerillas — three  bands  ;  i.  Israel  without 
arms. 

4.  Saul's  victory,  xiv.  1-46:  a.  Jonathan's  strategy 

and  success;  b.  general  flight  of  Philistines; 
c.  SauPs  vow — cause  of  it;  d.  Jonathan  the 
84 


THE  KINGDOM.  85 

only  violator;  e.  Saul's  first  altar,  and  sacrifice 
by  the  people;  f.  Jonathan  saved  from  death 
by  the  people. 

5.  Saul's  minor  wars,  xiv.  47-48:  I.  a.  Moab,  cf. 

Gen.  xix.  37 ;  b.  Ammon,  Gen.xix.  38,  cf.  chap, 
xi;  c.  Edom,  cf.  xxi.  7;  xxii.  9, 18;  d.  Zobah 
—extreme  north;  e.  Philistines.  II.  a.  loca- 
tion; b.  ancestry;  c.  character  of  people;  d. 
relations  to  Israel  of  each  of  the  above- 
mentioned  peoples. 

6.  Amalekite  war,  xv:  a.  wholesale  slaughter  com- 

manded— why?  b.  not  executed;  c.  Saul's 
equivocal  reply  to  Samuel;  d.  Samuel's  an- 
nouncement of  a  great  truth  (xxii.  23);  e. 
second  prophecy  of  end  of  Saul's  kingdom; 
f.  Saul's  penitence  unrewarded;  g.  Samuel 
hews  Agag  to  pieces. 

7.  Second  Philistine  war,  xvii— xviii.  5  '•  tf.  location; 

B.  Israel  defied  forty  days;  c.  David's  deliv- 
erance  of    Israel;    d.    reward   given — court 
favors;  e.  covenant  of  David  and  Jonathan. 
Literature: 

Hurlbut,  Man.  of  Bib.  Geog.,  pp.  65,66. 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iii.  chap.  4. 

Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §  112. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iv.  chaps.  7-10. 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  21. 

McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §  195-6. 

Deane,  Samuel  and  Saul,  chaps,  iv.,  v.,  vii.-x. 


86  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Blaikie,  Expositor's  Bible,  First  Samuel. 

0.  T.  Student,  Oct.  1887,  pp.  53-57. 
Oehler,  O.  T.  Theology,  §§164,  194. 
Delitzsch,  History  of  Redemption,  p.  84  sq. 
Geikie,  Old  Testament  Characters,  on  Saul. 

§51.       SAUL'S  INSANE  CAREER. — XVI.   14-23;   XVIII. 

6 — xxvi.  25,  28,  31. 

1.  Evil  spirit  upon  Saul,  xvi.  14-23:  a.  musician 

David  sought  out;  b.  David  made  his  ar- 
mourbearer;  harmonize  xvi.  14-23  with  §50.7. 

2.  Saul's  jealousy ',  xviii.  6 — xix.  10:    a.  at  David's 

popularity;  b.  Saul  attempts  to  entrap  and 
kill  David,  (/)  by  his  spear — twice,  (2)  by 
his  daughters,  (j)  by  the  Philistines. 

3.  Saul's  first  pursuit  of  David,  xix.  11-24:  a. 

messenger  deceived  by  Michal;  b.  David's 
flight  to  Ramah  to  Samuel;  c.  Saul's  three 
sets  of  messengers  sent  to  take  David,  pro- 
phesy; d.  Saul's  attempt  to  capture  David, 
results  in  his  prophesying. 

NOTE — Naioth=>buildings,  college  buildings? 

4.  Saul's  second  pursuit   of  David,  xx-xxiv:  a. 

Jonathan's  test  of  Saul's  purpose  toward  Da- 
vid; b.  feast  and  Saul's  anger  at  Jonathan; 
c.  arrows,  and  parting  of  Jonathan  and  Da- 
vid; ^.David's  flight  and  hiding  places:  (/) 
Nob:  (a  )  shew-bread,  (b )  sword  of  Goliath, 
(r)  Doeg,  the  Edomite  of  Saul's  guard;  (2) 


THE  KINGDOM.  87 

Gath:  (a  )  Fear  of  Phil.,  (b )  madness  feigned; 
(j)  cave  of  Adullam:  (a )  his  family  there, 
(b  )  400  men  there;  (/)  Mizpeh  of  Moab.  (a  ) 
prophet  Gad  appears,  (b )  David  in  the  hold; 
(5)  forest  of  Hereth,  Saul  at  home  has  priests 
slain  by  Doeg  the  Edomite;  (6)  Keilah, 
David  routs  the  Philistines  in  battle;  (/) 
Ziph;  (<?)  Maon,  Saul  surrounds  David 
but  a  Philistine  raid  calls  him  home;  (p) 
Engedi:  (a  )  Saul  in  David's  hands,  but 
spared,  (b )  Saul's  penitence  and  forgiveness, 
(c  )  Saul  returns  in  peace. 

5.  Saul's  third  pursuit  of  David,  xxvi:  a.  hill  of 

Hachilah;  b.  David  takes  Saul's  cruse  and 
spear;  c.  Saul  forgives  David,  and  returns 
never  again  to  see  him. 

6.  Saul's  inquiries  of  the  witch  of  Endor,-xx.vm: 

a.  Philistines  pitched  in  Shunem,  Israel  in 
Gilboa;  B.  Saul's  former  treatment  of  witches 
(vss.  3,  9);  c.  Jehovah  answered  him  not  by 
dreams,  Urim  or  prophets;  d.  appeal  to  the 
witch  of  Endor;  e.  Samuel,  not  at  the  call  of 
the  witch,  appears;  f.  prophecy  of  Israel's 
defeat;  g.  Saul's  humility;  h.  explain  u  to- 
morrow shalt  thou  and  thy  sons  be  with  me." 

7.  SauVs  death  on   Gilboa,  xxxi:  a.  suicide  in  de- 

feat; b.  body  and  armor  distributed  in  Phil- 
istia;  c.  people  of  Jabesh  burn  and  bury 
Saul's  and  his  sons'  bones. 


88  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

8.  Character  of  the  period:  a.  religious  condition 

of  the  times,  cf.  xvi.  1-6;  xix.  18-24;  xix.  13; 
xxiii.  6-13;  xx.  18,  24-29;  xxi.  1-9;  xxii.  6- 
19;  b.  political  condition,  cf.  xi.,  xiii.,  xiv., 
xv.,  xxxi. 

9.  Character  of  Saul:    a.  religious,   xiv.  18,    19; 

xiv.  24,  cf.  with  xiv.  31-35;  xiv.  36-44. 
(/)  not  converted — had  simply  a  religious 

impulse. 

(2)  opposition  to  prophets,  cf.  xv.,  xxviii.  6. 
(j)  names  of  his  sons:   Jonathan=gift  of 
Jehovah;  Melchi-shua=help  of   Mo- 
loch; Esh-Baal=man  of  Baal. 

(4)  superstitious. 

(5)  jealousy,  insane-madness. 

10.  Follow   carefully   and    locate    David's  hiding- 

places  in  his  flights  before  Saul.  Give  events 
at  each  point;  cf.  Hurlbut,  Man.  of  Bib. 
Geog.  pp.  66,  67. 

Literature: 

Deane,  Samuel  and  Saul,  chaps,  xi.,  xii.,  xiv. 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iii.,  chap.  5. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iv.,  chaps.  11-14 

Bennett,  Diseases  of  the  Bible,  pp.  81-86. 

§52.      DAVID'S  PRE-REGAL  CAREER. —  I    SAM.   XVI- 
XXXJ    I    CHRON.   XI.    IO — XII.  2O. 

I.     Prophecies  concerning  David:  a.\  Sam.  xiii.  14; 
b.  I  Sam.  xv.  28. 


THE  KINGDOM.  8V> 

2.  Discovery,  anointing  and  favor  of  David,  xvi: 

See  §49-  3- 

3.  David's  victory  over   Goliath,  xvii.  12-58:  a. 

method  of  fighting;  b.  result  (/)  to  Israel,  (2) 
to  David  himself.  See  $50.  7. 

4.  SauPs  jealousy,  xviii.  6 — xix.  10:     See  $51.  2. 

5.  David's  first  flight  before  Saul,x.ix.  11-24.    See 

§5i.  3- 

NOTE. — (i)  Gaul's  attempted  capture  of  David  produces  prophets, 
(a)  Saul  himself  becomes  a  prophet. 

6.  David's  second  flight  before  Sa«/,xx-xxiv:  See 

§51.  4. 

7.  David's  treatment  of  Nabal,  xxv:  0.  David's 

request,  why  made?  b.  refused  and  trouble 
averted  only  by  Abigail;  c.  death  of  Nabal 
and  disposal  of  Abigail. 

8.  David's  third  flight  before  Saul,  xxvi:     See 

•    $5i.  5- 

9.  David's  sojourn  in   Philistia,  xxvii-xxviii.   2: 

a  in  favor  with  king  Achish;  b.  given  Ziklag, 
his  army  here,  I  Chron.  xii.  1-7;  c.  David 
raided  country  toward  the  southwest,  destroy- 
ing all ;  d.  deceived  Achish. 

10.  David  in  the  Philistine  army  against  Israel,  xxix 

~xxx :  a.  David  and  his  men  follow  in  rear; 
b.  princes  object  and  David  returns;  c.  finds 
Ziklag  destroyed  —  by  whom?  d.  recovers 
captives;  e.  division  of  spoil  among  his  ben- 
efactors. 


90  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

1 1 .  Locate  every  geographical  point  here  mentioned. 

12.  Probable  Psalms  of  this  period',  a.  of  shepherd 

life,  Pss.  viii.  xxi.  xxiii.  xxix;    b.  flight  from 
Saul,  vi.   vii.  lix.  Ivi.  xxxiv;  c.  wanderings, 
xviii.  xl.  lii.  liv.  Ivii.  Ixiii.  cxlii. 
Literature  : 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iii.  chaps.  6  and  7. 

Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§    112-3. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iv.  chaps.  10-14. 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  22. 

Hurlbut,  Man.  Bib.  Geog.,  pp.  66,  67. 

MacDuff,  Tales  of  t.  Warrior  King,  chaps.  1-15. 

Deane,  David,  Men  of  the  Bible,  chaps.  i.-v. 

Edersheim,  Prophecy  and  History  in  Relation  to 
the  Messiah,  pp.  183-190. 

McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §§  197-202. 

Geikie,  Old  Test.  Characters,  on  David  the  Shepherd^ 
Goliath. 

§53.    DAVID'S  PROSPEROUS  REIGN. — 2  SAM.  i — xi. 

i;   XII.  26-31;    I  CHRON.  XI.    I — XX.  8. 

I.  Call  to  the  kingdom  over  Judali,  2  Sam.  i-ii.  4: 
a.  Amalekite's  report  of  Saul's  death;  b.  Da- 
vid's sorrow  and  lament  in  book  of  Jashar — • 
analyze  this  song;  c.  Jehovah  commands 
David  to  go  up  to  Hebron;  d.  anointed 
king  over  house  of  Judah;  e.  David's  kind- 
ness to  Saul's  remains  (cf.  also  2  Sam.  xxi. 
12-14). 


THE  KINGDOM.  91 

2.  Dual  kingdom  attempted,  2  Sam.  ii.  8  sq.:  a.  Ab- 

ner  anoints  Ish-bosheth  king  over  Israel  at 
Mahanaim;  b.  war  between  Joab,  of  Judah, 
and  Abner,  of  Israel,  at  pool  of  Gibeon — re- 
sult? c.  David  became  stronger,  house  of 
Saul  weaker;  d.  peace  between  Abner  and 
David;  e.  treachery  of  Joab,  murder  and 
burial  of  Abner;  f.  weakness  and  murder  of 
Ish-bosheth;  g.  David's  punishment  of  the 
murderers. 

3.  David  king  over  all  Israel,  in  Jerusalem,  2  Sam. 

v.,  vi;  i  Chron.  xi.,  xii.,xiv:  a.  David  made 
king  by  all  Israel  in  Hebron;  b.  his  army  in 
Hebron,  I  Chron.  xi.  10 — xii.  40;  c.  his  con- 
quest of  Jebus;  d.  relations  to  Hiram  of  Tyre; 
e.  David's  polygamy;  f.  victories  over  the 
Philistines. 

4.  Establishment  of  worship  in  Jerusalem,  2  Sam. 

vi;  I  Chron.  xiii.,xv:  a.  ark  to  Jerusalem: 

(1)  from   Kirjath-jearim   to  house  of  Obed- 
edom,  (2)  fatality  to  Uzzah  (cf.  Num.  iii.  29- 
31;  iv.  5,  15,  19,  20),  (3)  to  Jerusalem  with 
music;  b.  sacrifices  and  blessings  of  David; 
c.  ordination  of  singers,   i  Chron.   xvi.  (cf. 
Pss.  cv.  1-15;  xcvi.  1-13;  cvi.  I,  47,  48). 

5 .  David's  division  of  labor  in  the  service  of  Jehovah, 

I  Chron.  xxiii — xxvii:  a.  38,000  Levites:  (i) 
24,000  to  oversee  work  of  house  of  Jehovah, 

(2)  6,000  officers  and  judges,  (3)  4,000  door- 


92  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

keepers,  (4)  4,000  musicians;  b.  Asaph,  He- 
man  and  Jeduthun  prophesy  with  harps, 
psalteries  and  cymbals — 228  singers,  chap. 
xxv ;  c.  doorkeepers,  sons  of  Korah  and 
and  Merari;  d.  treasurer — Ahijah;  e.  officers 
and  judges  west  of  Jordan,  1700;  f.  east  of 
Jordan,  2700;  g.  12  captains,  each  one  month 
in  a  year;  h.  princes  of  12  tribes;  /.  David's 
cabinet,  xxvii.  25-31. 

6.  Nathan's  appearance  and  prophecy,  2  Sam.  vii; 

i  Chron.  xvii:  a.  Nathan's  own  advice  an- 
nulled by  Jehovah;  b.  David's  seed  to  build 
a  house  to  Jehovah;  c.  David's  throne  to  be 
established  forever;  d.  David's  humble 
prayer. 

7.  David's  foreign  conquests,  2  Sam.  viii;  I  Chron. 

xviii:  a.  Philistines,  viii.  i;  b.  Moab,  viii.  2; 
c.  Hadadezer  of  Zobah,  viii.  3-8:  (i)  Syrians, 
(2)  Betah  and  Berothai,  of  Hadadezer;  d. 
ToiofHamath;  e.  Edom. 

8.  David^s  kindness  to  the  house  of  Saul,  2  Sam. 

ix. 

9.  Provoked  foreign  wars,    2   Sam.   x. ,  xi.    I ;   i 

Chron.  xix.,  xx:  a.  Ammon  leagued  with 
Syria;  b.  Syria  beyond  the  river;  c.  siege  of 
Rabbah,  I  Chron.  xx.  1-3;  2  Sam.  xii.  26-31. 

10.  Locate  on  the  map  all  places  and  peoples  in  this 

section. 


THE  KINGDOM.  93 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iii.  chaps.  8-IO. 
Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  114—17. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iv.  chaps.  15-18. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  23. 
Hurlbut,  Man.  Bib.  Geog.,  pp.  69,  70. 
Macduff,  Tales  of  t.  Warrior  King,  chaps.  16-20. 
Deane,  David,  Men  of  the  Bible,  chaps,  vi.-viii. 
McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §  203-4. 
Dryadale,  Early  Bible  Songs,  pp.  181-191. 
Taylor,  W.  M.,  David,  King  of  Israel. 
Krummacher,    David,  King   of  Israel. 
"  David  "  in  Hastings,  Dictionary  of  the  Bible. 
Geikie,  O.  T.  Characters,  on  David  the  Psalmist. 
Price,   Bibliotheca   Sacra,  April    1889,  on  Book  of 
Jashar. 

§54.      DAVID'S  CALAMITOUS    REIGN. — 2   SAM.  XI.  2 
— I   KINGS  II.  II;  I  CHRON.  XXL,  XXVII. 

— xxxi.  30. 

1.  David's  great  sin,  2  Sam.  xi.  2 — xii.  31,  (not 

in  Chron.):  a.  adultery  with  Bath-sheba;  b. 
murder  of  Uriah;  c.  Bath-sheba  becomes 
David's  wife;  d.  Nathan's  parable;  e.  David's 
penitence  (cf.  Ps.  li.);  /.  sorrow  at  the  death 
his  child;  g.  his  hope. 

2.  Sin  in  David's  household,  2  Sam.  xiii.,  xiv:  a. 


94  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Amnon's  intrigue  and  sin;  b.  Absalom's 
feast  and  murder  of  Amnon;  c.  flight  of  Ab- 
salom to  Geshur;  d.  Joab's  scheme  and  Ab- 
salom's return;  e.  David's  and  Joab's  insults 
to  Absalom;  /.  David  and  Absalom  recon- 
ciled. 

3.  Absalom's  revolt  and  David's  flighty  2  Sam. 

xv — xvii.  23:  a.  David's  part  in  causing  this; 
b.  Absalom's  device  at  the  gates;  c.  con- 
spiracy at  Hebron;  d.  David's  flight:  (i) 
Ittai,  (2)  ark  returned,  (3)  Hushai  sent  back 
as  a  spy,  (4)  Ziba,  (5)  Shimei,  kin  of  Saul; 
e.  Absalom  in  Jerusalem:  (i)  Hushai 's  de- 
ceit, (2)  Ahithophel's  evil  counsel (cf. xvii. i  sq. 
(3)  Hushai 's  preferred  counsel,  (4)  Ahithophel 
hangs  himself  (cf.  Judas  Iscariot,  in  Matt, 
xxvii.  5.) 

4.  Battle  of  the  two  armies  and  the  result,  2  Sam. 

xvii.  24 — xix.  43:  a.  Absalom's  army  under 
Amasa  inGilead;  b.  David's  kind  reception  at 
Mahanaim;  c.  charge  of  David  to  Joab,  Abi- 
shai  and  Ittai,  commanders;  d.  battle  and 
death  of  Absalom;  e.  courier;  /.  David's  la- 
ment; g.  Joab  rebukes  David;  h.  David's  re- 
turn to  Jerusalem:  (i)  David's  word  to  the 
priests,  (2)  Shimei,  (3)  Mephibosheth,  (4)  Bar- 
zillai,  (5)  the  quarrel  over  David. 

5.  Civil  war,  murder,  famine,  wars  with  the  Phil- 

istines, 2  Sam.  xx.,   xxi:    a.  Sheba,  son   of 


THE  KINGDOM.  95 

Bichri,  slain  at  Abel;  b.  Joab's  murder  of 
Amasa;  c.  famine,  and  demands  of  Gibeon- 
ites;  d.  David's  reverence  for  Saul's  remains; 
e.  four  wars  against  the  Philistines,  2  Sam. 
xxi.  15-22;  I  Chron.  xx.  4-8. 

6.  Sin  of  David  in  numbering  Israel,  2  Sam.  xxiv ; 

I  Chron.  xxi:  a.  Joab's  enumeration;  b. 
David's  conscience  smitten ;  c.  God's  alterna- 
tives for  David  —  three  years  famine,  three 
months  defeat,  three  days  pestilence;  </.  Da- 
vid's choice  and  result;  e.  altar  at  Oman's 
threshing  floor. 

7.  Usurpation  of  Adonijah,  i  Kings  i:  a.  Adoni- 

jah's  retinue;  b.  made  king  by  some  (vss.  n, 
1 8);  c.  deserted  by  the  people ;  ^.submission 
to  Solomon. 

8.  David'**  final  assemblage  of  Israel ',   I    Chron. 

xxviii-xxix.  25:  a.  review  of  God's  favor  and 
promises;  b.  charge  to  Solomon  to  build  the 
temple;  c.  enumeration  of  materials,  chaps. 
xxii.  and  xxviii.  11-21;  d.  plan  of  the  build- 
ing and  its  vessels;  e.  after  David's  example, 
people  offer  willingly  large  sums;  f.  David's 
prayer  of  praise  and  thanksgiving;  g.  people 
bless,  and  offer  sacrifice  to  God;  h.  David's 
successor  to  be  Solomon. 

9.  David's  final  charge  to  Solomon,  and  his  death, 

i  Kings  ii.  i-u;  i  Chron.  xxix.  26-30:  a. 
to  obey  Jehovah;  b.  take  vengeance  on  (/) 


96  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Joab,  (2)  Shimei;  c.  to  care  for  sons  of  Bar- 
zillai;  d.  death  and  burial  of  David  in  the 
city  of  David;  e.  ruled  seven  years  in  He- 
bron, thirty-three  in  Jerusalem. 

10.   Give  an  estimate  of  David's   character  as:  a. 
warrior;  b.  king;  c.  man;  d.  writer. 
Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iii.  chaps.  11-13. 

Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §  118. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iv.  chap.  19;  vol.  v. 
chaps.  1-3. 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  24. 

Hurlbut,  Man.  of  Bib.  Geog.,  pp.  70,71. 

Macduff,  Tales  of  t.  Warrior  King,  chaps.  21-24. 

Deane,  David,  Men  of  the  Bible,  chaps  ix.-xiii. 

MacLaren,  Life  of  David  as  reflected  in  Psalms. 

Taylor,  W.  M.,  David,  King  of  Israel. 

McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §  205. 

§55.      THE  REIGN   OF   SOLOMON. — I  KINGS  I — XI;   2 
CHRON.  I — IX. 

1.  Coronation  and  charge,  see  §54,  7-9. 

2.  Fate  of:  a.  Adonijah;  b.  Abiathar;  c.  Joab;  d. 

Shimei. 

3  Visions  at  Gibeon,  i  Kings  iii.  4-15;  2  Chron.  i. 
7-13:  I.  a.  kind  of  hign-place;  £.  object  of 
their  presence  there;  c.  Solomon's  request  of 
Jehovah;  d.  Jehovah's  promise;  e.  celebra- 
tion of  this  event  at  Jerusalem.  II.  signifi- 
cance and  purport  of  second  vision  (ix.  1-9). 


THE  KINGDOM.  97 

4.  Solomon's  wisdom:  a.  extensive,  world-wide,  I 
Kings  iv.  34;  v.  7,  12;  x.  23,  24;  2  Chron. 
ix.  22,  23;  b.  in  scientific  and  literary  knowl- 
edge, I  Kings  iv.  29-34;  c.  in  dealing  with 
hard  questions,  I  Kings  x.  1-8;  2  Chron.  ix. 
1-9;  d.  in  dealing  with  practical  questions, 
I  Kings  iii.  9,  1 1,  12,  16-28. 

5  Solomon's  foreign  domestic  alliances:  a.  Phara- 
oh's daughter,  I  Kings  iii.  i;  vii.  8;  ix.  16, 
24;  xi.  i;  2  Chron.  viii.  n;  b.  women  of 
Moabites,  Ammonites,  Edomites,  Zidonians 
and  Hittites,  i  Kings  xi.  I ;  c.  Naamah,  mother 
of  Rehoboam,  an  Ammonitess,  i  Kings 
xiv.  21,  31;  d.  alliances  of  Solomon's  daugh- 
ters, iv.  1 1 , 1 5 ;  e.  purpose  of  Solomon  in  all 
these  alliances;  f.  actual  result  for  Solomon 
and  for  the  kingdom. 

6.  Solomon's  government:  a.  slaves  not  Israelites, 
i  Kings  ix.  20-22  ;  2  Chron.  viii.  7-9;  bur- 
den-bearers in  the  mountains,  2  Chron.  ii. 
17,  1 8,  2;  i  Kings  v.  13-18;  b.  commissary 
department,  (/)  twelve  divisions,  (2)  service 
one  month,  (j)  provisions  for  one  day,  i 
Kings  iv.  22,  23,  (/)  other  duties,  I  Kings 
iv.26-28 ;  c.  superintendents  of  work,(/)"  3,300 
bare  rule  over  workers  in  the  mountains," 
i  Kings  v.  1 6  (cf.  2  Chron.  ii.  2, 18);  (2)  550 
chief  officers,  I  Kings  ix.  23;  v.  16  (cf.  2 
Chron.  viii.  10);  d.  cabinet,  I  Kings  iv.  1-6; 


98  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

e.  army,  horses  and  chariots,  I  Kings  iv.  26, 
28;  2  Chron.  i.  14;  ix.  25,  28  (cf.  Deut. 
xvii.  16);  /.  extent  of  his  dominions,  i  Kings 
iv.  21,  24;  2  Chron.  ix.  26;  g.  prophecy  re- 
garding it  Gen.  xv.  18. 

7.  Foreign  commercial  relations  :   a.  Egypt  and 

Hittites — horses  and  chariots,  I  Kings  x.  28, 
29;  2  Chron.  i.  16,  17;  ix.  28;  also  out  of  all 
lands,  2  Chron.  ix.  28;  b.  Phoenicia,  building 
materials  and  skilled  labor,  i  Kings  v.  6, 8- 
12;  ix.  11-14;  *  Chron.  ii.  8-16;  c.  voy- 
ages— sea  trade,  I  Kings  ix.  26-28;  x.  11, 
12,22;  2  Chron.  viii.  17,  18;  ix.  10,  n,2i; 
d.  general  trade,  I  Kings  x.  15;  2  Chron. 
ix.  14  (cf.  i  Kings  x.  1-13);  e.  commercial 
cities,  I  Kings  ix.  18;  2  Chron.  viii.  4-6. 

NOT*— What  were  ships  of  Tarshish?  course,  destination,  etc.? 
cf.  I  Kings  ix.  28,  with  2  Chron.  viii.  18. 

8.  Solomon's    revenues — immense:     a.    gold    and 

silver,  I  Kings  x.  14, 15;  2  Chron.  ix.  13, 14; 
b.  levies  of  provisions,  I  Kings  iv.  7-28;  c. 
presents,  I  Kings  iv.  21;  x.  i-io,  13,23-25; 
2  Chron.  ix.  22-24;  d.  tropical  products,  i 
Kings  x.  22,  etc.;  2  Chron.  ix.  21;  e.  slave- 
service,  see  6.  0.  above. 

9.  Increase  in  culture:  a.  learning  and  literature,  I 

Kings  iv.  29-34;  x.  23,  24;  2  Chron.  ix.  22, 
23  (read  Geikie,  vol.  iii.  1 8);  b.  architecture, 
see  §56;  c.  decorations,  read  I  Kings  vi-vii; 
d.  general  splendor  of  courts,  i  Kings  x.  i-i  3- 


THE  KINGDOM.  9* 

10.  Solomon's  old  age  and  death  :  a.  polygamy, 

I  Kings  xi.  1-3 ;  b.  idolatry,  kinds  of  foreign 
deities,  I  Kings  xi.  4-8;  c.  Jehovah's  word 
against  him;  d.  his  new  enemies,  i  Kings  xi. 
9-25;  e.  Ahijah's  prophecy  and  Jeroboam's 
flight,  I  Kings  xi.  26-40; /.  death  of  Solomon; 
g.  length  of  his  reign. 

11.  Solomon's  career  and  character:  a.  politically; 

b.  religiously;  c.  intellectually. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iii.  chaps.  14,  15,  17. 
Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  119-121. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  v.  chaps.  4  and  5, 

8  and  9. 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  26. 
Solomon,  his  Life  and  Times,  Men  of  Bible  Scries. 
Hurlbut,  Man.  Bib.  Geog.,  p.  71. 
McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §  206-7. 
Smith,  Old  Test.  History,  chap.  22. 
Geikie,    Old  Test.   Characters,   on   Solomon,    Th* 

Queen  of  Sheba. 

§56.    SOLOMON'S  TEMPLE.* 

I.  Steps  up  to  the  temple:  a.  offering,  Gen.  iv.  3, 4; 
b.  altar,  Gen.  viii.  20;  xii.  6-8  (cf.  Ex.  xx. 
24,  25);  c.  "house  of  God"— Bethel,  Gen. 
xxviii.  18-22;  xxxv.  1-3,  6,  14,  15;  d.  "tent 


'"This  outline  is  a  revision  of  tkat  of  Dr.  Hurlbat  M  given  in  Old 
Test.  Student,  Dec.  1887. 


100  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

of  meeting" — Tabernacle,  Ex.  xxv.  8;  xxix. 

42-45 ,  e.  "temple"  in  Shiloh,  I  Sam. 
i.  9;  iii.  3. 

2.  Building  of  the  temple:  a.  place,  Mt.  Moriah  in 

Jerusalem,  Gen.  xxii.  i,  2,  14;  bought  by 
David,  2  Sam.  xxiv.  17-25;  i  Chron.  xxi. 
18-30;  xxii.  i  (cf.  2  Chron.  iii.  i);  b.  founda- 
tion— extended  270  feet  over  arches,  con- 
cealing reservoirs  of  water  (cf.  Ps.  xlvi.  1-5); 
c.  materials — provided  largely  by  David,  2 
Sam.  vi,  1-12;  vii.  1-13;  I  Chron.  xxviii. 
11-19;  xxix.  2-8;  (/)  stone;  (2)  iron,  I 
Chron.  xxii.  14;  xxix.  2;  (j)  cedar  wood, 
2  Chron.  ii.  3-9;  i  Kings  vi.  8-10;  (4)  silver 
and  gold,  I  Chron.  xxii.  14;  xxix.  4;  (j) 
brass,  or  bronze,  I  Chron.  xxix.  2 ;  I  Kings 
vii.  15-17;  (6)  precious  stones,  i  Chron. 
xxix.  2;  d.  construction:(/)  under  Phoenician 
workmen,  i  Kings  vii.  I3sq.,  40-45;  2  Chron. 
iv.  11-16;  (2)  no  sound  of  hammer  or  iron 
tool,  i  Kings  vi.  7  (cf.  Deut.  xxvii.  5,  6);  (j) 
completed  in  seven  years  and  six  months,  I 
Kings  vi.  I,  38. 

3.  Plan  of  the  temple:  a.  twice  the  size  of  the 

tabernacle,  for  the  most  part,  cf.  Ex.  xxv-xl; 
i  Kings  v-viii;  2  Chron.  iii-vii  (cf.  Ezekiel's 
vision,  Ezek.  xl-xlvi);  b.  parts:  i)  court ',  (cf. 
Ex.  xxvii.  9-18);  i  Kings  viii.  64;  2  Chron, 
xx.  5 ;  xxiv.  2 1 ;  outer  and  inner,  i  Kings  vi. 


THE  KINGDOM.  101 

36;  2  Chron.  iv.  9;  (a)  inner  more  sacred, 
Joel  ii.  17;  (b)  outer  had  (/)  altar,  2  Chron. 
iv.  i ;  (2)  sea  of  brass  on  12  oxen,  2  Chron.  iv. 
2-5 ;  (j)  ten  lavers,  2  Chron.  iv.  6;  i  Kings 
vii.  27-39;  (^)  perhaps  a  grove  of  trees,  Ps.  Hi. 
8;  xcii.  12-14;  2)  /0rdfc — vestibule — 180  ft. 
high,  2  Chron.  iii.  4;  pillars  Jachin  and  Boaz 
at  the  entrance,  I  Kings  vii.  15-22;  3)  holy 
place — "greater  house,"  2  Chron.  iii.  5;  I 
Kings  vi.  17;  (a)  ten  candlesticks,  2  Chron. 
iv.  7 ;  (b)  ten  tables,  2  Chron.  iv.  8 ;  (c)  double 
doors,  i  Kings  vi.  31-33;  (d)  altar  of  incense, 
i  Kings  vii.  48;  2  Chron.  iv.  19;  4)  holy  of 
holies — "the  oracle,''  I  Kings  vi.  16;  2 
Chron.  iii.  8;  (a)  cherubim,  2  Chron.  iii. 
10-13;  (£)  ark  of  the  covenant,  2  Chron.  v.  4-10 
(cf.  Ex.  xxv.  10-22);  5)  chambers — for 
priests — three  stories  high,  I  Kings  vi.  5~IO; 
Jer.  xxxvi.  10;  Ezek.  xl.  45,  46;  xlii.  1-6. 
Purpose  of  the  temple:  a.  to  centralize  and  locate 
public  worship  of  Jehovah  (cf.  Ps.  Ixxxiv); 
b.  to  bind  together  the  tribes — one  altar,  one 
shrine,  others  forbidden,  Deut.  xii.  8-14; 
Josh.  xxii.  10-27;  Deut.  xvi.  16;  i  Kings  xii. 
26-28;  c.  to  symbolize  the  truths  of  redemp- 
tion, cf.  Lev.  i.  1-5;  2  Chron.  vii.  1-14;  Heb. 
ix.  22;  d.  to  symbolize  the  presence  of 
Jehovah  among  his  people,  cf.  Ex.  xx.  3,  4; 
Lev.  xxvi.  n%  12;  2  Chron.  vi.  I,  2. 


102  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

5.  History  of  Solomorts  temple:  a.  dedication,  (/) 
assembly,  (2)  offerings,  (j)  Solomon's  prayer, 
I  Kings  viii. ;  2  Chron.  v.  i-vi.  42;^.  popular 
regard  for  the  temple,  Pss.  xxvii.  4;  xliii.  1-4; 
cxxxii.  1-5;  c.  plundered  by  Shishak  of 
Egypt  under  Rehoboam,  2  Chron.  xii.  9-11; 

d.  repairs  under  Joash,  2  Kings  xii.  4-15; 

e.  desecration  and  plunder  by  Ahaz,  2  Kings 
xvi.  IO-I9;/".  repairs  by  Hezekiah,  2  Chron. 
xxix;  g.  desecration  by  Manasseh,  2  Chron. 
xxxiii.  1-18;  h.  purification  and  repairs  by 
Josiah,    2    Chron.    xxxiv.   1-13,    29-33;    *• 
destruction   by    Nebuchadrezzar,  2    Chron. 
xxxvi.  11-21;   Jer.  Hi.  12-23. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iii.  chap.  16. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  v.  chaps.  6  and  7. 
Solomon's  Temple,  plan    in    Hurlbut    Man.    Bib, 

Geog.,  p.  71. 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  27. 
Edersheim,  The  Temple,  its  Ministry  and  Services. 
Solomon,  His  Life  and  Times,  Men  of  the  B'ble, 

chap.  8. 

Perrot  and  Chipiez,  Le  Temple  Jerusalem  restitutes 
Paine,  The  Temple  of  Solomon. 


NINTH  PERIOD. 

DUAL  KINGDOM.     DIVISION  TO  FALL  OF 
SAMARIA.     B.  C.  931-722. 


§57.      DUAL  RELIGIOUS   DECLINE. —  I  KINGS   XI.  26 
— XV.  8;    2    CHRON.  X-XIII. 

Judah — Rehoboam  (17)*,  Abijam  (3). 
Israel — Jeroboam  I  (22). 

1.  Prophecies  of  disruption,  i  Kings  xi.  9-13,  29- 

39- 

2.  Causes  of  disruption:  a.  mediate:  (/)  old  animos- 

ities between  kingdoms  of  Saul  and  David, 
(2)  Solomon's  foreign  domestic  alliances,  (j) 
Solomon's  idolatry,  I  Kings  xi.  9-13;  b.  im- 
mediate: (/)  Ahijah's  encouragement  to  Jer- 
oboam, (2)  Rehoboam's  outrageous  demands. 

3.  Events  immediately  connected  with  disruption ,  2 

Chron.  x;  I  Kings  xii.  1-19:  a.  Rehoboam 
at  Shechem;  #.  request  of  the  people;  ^.counsel 
adopted  by  Rehoboam;  d.  Jeroboam's  ap- 
pearance. 

4.  Kingdom  divided:  a.  Solomon's  empire — 60,000 

square  miles;  b.  portions  sliced  off  by  ene- 

*  Henceforth  these  numbers   will   indicate  the  length  of  reign  of 
the  kings  after  whose  names  they  stand. 

103 


104  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

mies;  c.  territory  of  northern  kingdom, 
9,400  square  miles;  d.  territory  of  Judah, 
3,400  square  miles. 

5.  Jeroboam's  establishment   and  policy,  i   Kings 

xii.  20 — xiii.  34:  a.  coronation;  b.  army  and 
defences;  c.  system  of  worship,  its  localities 
and  purpose  (cf.  2  Chron.  xiii.  9) ;  d.  rebuke 
and  prophecy  (cf.  I  Kings  xiii.  2  with  2  Kings 
xxiii.  1 6)  of  man  of  God. 

6.  Jeroboam's  fate  foretold,  i  Kings  xiv:  a.  sick- 

ness of  Abijah;  b.  secret  march  on  Ahijah; 

c.  Ahijah   foretells,  (/)  death   of  Abijah,  (2) 
destruction  of  Jeroboam's  house,  (j)  captivity 
of  Israel. 

7.  Rehoboam's  establishment  and  policy,  i  Kings 

xiv.  21-24;  2  Chron.  xi:  a.  coronation;  b. 
attempt  to  suppress  revolt;  c.  defences,  2 
Chron.  xi.  5-12;  d.  accessions  from  Israel, 
2  Chron.  xi.  13-17;  e.  sins  of  his  house,  18- 

23- 

8.  Invasion  by  Shishak  of  Egypt,  i  Kings  xiv.  25 

-28;  2  Chron.  xii.  2-9:  a.  Solomon's  early 
relations  with  Egypt;  b.  probable  provoca- 
tion of  Shishak;  c.  extent  of  his  plunderings; 

d.  humility  of  Rehoboam ;  e.  death  of  Reho- 
boam;  /.  character  of  Rehoboam. 

9.  Career  of  Abijam,  i   Kings  xv.  1-8;  2  Chron. 

xiii:  a.  walked  in  sins  of  his  father;  b.  railed 
against  Jeroboam;  c.  warred  against  Jero- 


DUAL  KINGDOM.  105 

boam,  400,000  against  800,000  respectively; 
d.  Abijam  victorious;  e.  waxed  mighty  to  end 
of  his  reign  \f.  characterize  him. 

10.  Locate  all  geographical  points  in  this  section. 

11.  Contemporaneous  history:  a.  Syria;  b.  Egypt; 

c.  Assyria. 

12.  Prophets  of  these  times:  I.  Judah:  a.  Shemaiah, 

his  work,  2  Chron.  xi.  2;  xii.  15;  I  Kings 
xii.  22,  23;  b.  "man  of  God  out  of  Judah/* 
I  Kings  xiii.  I,  5,  6,  7,  8;  c.  Iddo,  2  Chron. 
xii.  15;  xiii.  22.  II.  Israel:  a.  Ahijah  the 
Shilonite,  I  Kings  xi.  29,  30;  xii.  15;  xiv. 
2-16;  b.  old  prophet,  I  Kings  xiii.  11-31. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iv.  chap.  i. 

Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  122-4. 

Ball,  C.  J.,  Light  from  the  East,  pp.  131-2. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  v.  chaps.  10  and  11. 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lees.  29  and  half  of  35. 

Rawlinson,  Kings  of  Israel  and  Judah,  chaps.  I,  2 

Hurlbut,  Man.  Bib.  Geog.,  pp.  87,  88. 

Sayce,  Fresh  Light,  p.  100  sq. 

Kinns,  Graven  in  the  Rock,  chap.  xii. 

McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §  208-10. 


106  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

,gg     (  REIGN   OF  ASA   IN  JUDAH. 

*    I  FALL  OF  THREE  DYNASTIES  IN  ISRAEL. 

B.  C.  912-871. 
Judah — Asa  (41). 
Israel — Jeroboam  (22),   Nadab  (2),    Baasha 

(24),  Elah  (2),  Zimri  (7  days). 
I  Kings  xv.  8-xvi.   20;  2  Chron.  xiv-xvi. 

1 .  Review  briefly  the  events  since  the  disruption. 

2.  Reforms  of  Asa:    I.   Religious:    a.   removing 

Sodomites  and  idols;  b.  breaking  down  high 
places,  pillars;  c.  his  queen-mother  removed; 
d.  images  of  Asherim  cut  down;  e.  Israel 
bade  to  seek  Jehovah ;  f.  brought  dedicated 
things  into  house  of  Jehovah.  II.  Political: 
a. fortified  Judah;  b.  built  cities;  c.  strength- 
ened the  army. 

3.  Aids  to  these  reforms:  a.  counter-example  of 

Israel;  b.  immigration  to  Judah  of  those 
loyal  to  Jehovah;  c.  presence  of  the  prophets; 
d.  spirit  of  Jehovah  in  Asa's  heart. 

4.  Asa's  wars  and  alliances:  #. victorious  battle  with 

Ethiopia,  580,000  men  against  1,000,000 
men;  b.  Baasha  of  Israel  builds  Ramah;  c. 
Syria,  Ben-hadad  of  Damascus  bought  off 
by  Asa  with  vessels  of  the  temple;  d.  dis- 
posal of  Ramah. 

5.  Asa's  relations  with  the  prophets^  and  the  end  of 

his  days:  a.  Azariah,  son  of  Oded,  result  to 
Asa  and  Israel,  2  Chron.  xv.  1-7;  b.  Hanani 


DUAL  KINGDOM.  107 

the  seer,  result,  2  Chron.  xvi.  7-10;  c.  dis- 
ease of  Asa;  d.  death  and  burial;  e.  length 
of  reign. 

6.  NadaVs  character^  reign  and  death,  I  Kings  xv. 
25-31:  a.  second  and  last  king  of  dynasty  of 
Jeroboam;  b.  began  in  second  year  of  Asa; 
c.  did  evil  as  his  father;  d.  slain  by  Baasha  at 
the  siege  of  Gibbethon. 

7-  Baasha 's  character^  reign  and  death ,  i  Kings  xv. 
27-xvi.  13;  2  Chron.  xvi.  1-6:  a.  usurper; 
b.  began  to  reign  in  the  third  year  of  Asa,  in 
city  of  Tirzah;  c.  did  evil  as  Jeroboam;  d. 
destroyed  all  the  house  of  Jeroboam;  e.  in 
his  fourteenth  year  he  fortified  Ramah  against 
Judah;  /.  Ben-hadad's  inroads  on  Israel;  g. 
Jehu's  prophecy  against  Baasha;  h.  died  and 
buried  in  Tirzah;  i.  length  of  reign. 

8.  Elah's  character^  reign  and  death,  i  Kings  xvi. 

6-14:  a.  second  and  last  king  of  dynasty  of 
Baasha;  b.  began  to  reign  in  26th  year  of 
Asa;  c.  made  Israel  to  sin,  I  Kings  xvi.  12, 
13;  d.  slain  in  a  drunken  row  at  Tirzah  by 
Zimri;  e.  length  of  reign. 

9.  Zimri's  (7  days)  reign  and  death,  i  Kings  xvi. 

9-20:  a.  usurper — third  dynasty;  b.  obliter- 
ated house  of  Baasha;  c.  choice  of  people 
was  Omri,  captain  at  Gibbethon ;  d.  siege  of 
Tirzah,  and  suicide  of  Zimri  after  seven  days' 
reign;  e.  similar  suicides  in  secular  history. 


108  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

10.  Locate  all  geographical  points  in  this  section. 

11.  Contemporaneous  history:  a.  Ethiopia;  b.  Syria; 

c.  Assyria. 

12.  Prophets  of  this  section:  I.  Judah:  a.  Azariah, 

son  of  Oded,  2  Chron.  xv.  1-7;  b.  Hanani 
the  seer,  2  Chron.  xvi.  7-10.  II.  Israel: 
Jehu  son  of  Hanani,  I  Kings  xvi.  I,  7. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iv.  chap.  2  in  part. 

Blaikie,  Manual,  chap.  10,  sec.  2. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  v.  chaps.  12,  and   13 

in  part. 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  half  of  Lee.  35. 
Rawlinson,  Kings  of  Israel  and  Judah,  Men  of  Bible 

Series,  chaps.  4-8. 
Hurlbut,  Man.  Bib.  Geog.,  pp.  87, 88. 
McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §  211. 

§59.      REIGN  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  OMRI  IN  ISRAEL, 
B.  C.  885-842. 

Omri  (12),  Ahab  (22),  Ahaziah  (2),  Jehoram 

(12). 

1.  Give  the  kings  of  Israel  in  the  last  three  dynas- 

ties with  length  of  reigns. 

2.  OmrVs  reign  and  home  policy,    i    Kings  xvi. 

16-29:  a.  usurper;  b.  began  27th  year  of 
Asa;  c.  right  disputed  by  Tibni,  four  years; 

d.  his  capitals,   (/)  Tirzah,  (2)  Samaria;  e. 


DUAL  KINGDOM.  109 

religious  policy,  (/)  advance  on  Jeroboam,  I 
Kings  xvi.  25;  (2)  statutes  adopted,  Mic. 
vi.  1 6.* 

3.  Omri's  fonign  relations,  power  and  death:  a. 

with  Moab,  reduced  Mesha,  (cf.  Records  of 
Past,  2d  series,  vol.  ii.,  p.  200  sq.  and  2  Kings 
iii.  4);  b.  with  Syria,  when  king  of  Syria 
wrested  cities  from  Omri,  I  Kings  xx.  34;  c. 
with  Zidonians,  inferred  from  tradition  and 
Ahab's  alliance;  d.  with  Assyria,  land  of 
Israel,  called  "Land  of  Omri"  for  several 
generations;  e.  evidence  of  power,  the  loca- 
tion of  his  new  capital;  /.  his  death;  g.  length 
of  reign. 

4.  Ahab's  beginning,  j8th  year  of  Asat  I  Kings 

xvi.  29 — xvii.  i:  a.  alliance  with  Zidonians 
through  Jezebel;  b.  new  religion  introduced, 
its  character;  c.  persecution  of  servants  of 
Jehovah;  d.  Ahab's  advance  religiously,  I 
Kings  xvi.  31,  33;  e.  Elijah's  prophecy  of 
famine. 

5.  Ahab's  course  at  home,  i  Kings  xviii.,  xxi:  I.  a. 

despair  in  famine;  b.  Elijah's  appearance  and 
Obadiah;  c.  Ahab's  salute;  d.  Elijah's 
assembly  at  Carmel;  e.  Ahab's  prophets' 
vain  attempt;  /.  Elijah's  success  and 
slaughter;  g.  rain;  h.  Jezebel's  wrath,  and 
pursuit  of  Elijah;  i.  public  works  of  Ahab, 

*Cf.  also  2  Kings  viii.  26. 


110  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

1  Kings  xxii.  39.     II.  Naboth's  vineyard:  a. 
Ahab's   request;  b.    refused   by  Naboth;   c. 
Ahab's   pettishness;  d.  Jezebel's  infamy;  e. 
justice   satisfied;  f.   law   of  inheritance;  g. 
Elijah    at    hand;    h.    Ahab's    penitence;  /. 
Elijah's  last  message  to  Ahab. 

6.  Ahab's  foreign  relations  and  wars,  i  Kings  xx., 

xxii ;  2  Chron.  xviii. :  a.  with  Zidon  and  the 
Phoenicians;  b.  with  Ben-hadad  of  Syria: 
(/)  before  Samaria:  (a)  with  32  allied  kings, 
(b)  completely  routed;  (2)  at  Aphek:  (a) 
Ben-hadad  routed,  (b)  saved,  why?  (c)  Ahab 
rebuked  by  son  of  aprophet;  c.  with  Assyrians, 
at  Karkar  (C.  O.  T.,  vol.  i.,  pp.  182-195), 
Ahab  in  league  with  several  kings,  defeated 
by  Shalmaneser  II;  d.  with  Jehoshaphat  of 
Judah,  against  Ramoth  Gilead:  (/)  reception 
at  Samaria,  (2)  word  of  400  prophets,  (j) 
word  of  Micaiah,  (^)  battle,  (5)  Ahab  slain, 
(6)  Elijah's  prophecy  fulfilled,  i  Kings  xxi.  19, 
with  xxii.  38;  e.  length  of  Ahab's  reign. 

7.  Reign  of  Ahafrs  son,  Ahaziah,  i  Kings  xxii.  40 — 

2  Kings  i.  18:  a.  alliance  with  Jehoshaphat; 
b.  his  sin;  c.  sickness;  d.  inquiry   of  Baal- 
zebub;  e.  rebuked  by   Elijah;  f.  fatality  of 
messengers;  g.  Ahaziah's  death;  h.  length  of 
reign. 

8.  Reign  of  Ahab's  son,  Jehoram,  2  Kings  i.  17; 

iii.  1-27:  a.  religious  revolution,  2  Kings  iii. 


DUAL  KINGDOM.  Hi 

3;  b.  war  with  Mesha,  2  Kgs.  iii.  3-27;  (/) 
Jehoshaphat  here,  (2)  Elisha's  share  in  it;  c. 
Syrians  at  Dothan,  2  Kgs.  vi.  8-23:  (/)  struck 
blind,  (2)  well  treated  and  sent  home;  d.  Syr- 
ians at  Samaria,  2  Kgs.  vi.  24-vii.  20:  (/)  fam- 
ine, (2)  Elisha's  word,  (j)  outcome;  e.  disas- 
trous visit  of  Ahaziah  of  Judah  to  Jehoram, 
after  battle  ofRamoth  Gilead,  2  Kgs.  ix.,  x.; 
2  Chr.  xxii.;yi  length  of  reign. 

9.  Locate  all  geographical  joints  in  this  section. 

10.  Contemporaneous    history:    a.     Zidonians    or 

Phoenicians;  b.  Syrians;  c.  Assyrians;  d. 
Moabites. 

11.  Prophets  in  Israel  in  this  section:  a.  Elijah;  b. 

Obadiah;  c.  two  fifties  in  caves;  </.  400 
prophets;  ^.Micaiah;/.  the  prophet,  i  Kings 
xx.  13-22;  g.  man  of  God,  i  Kings  xx.  28; 
h*  man  of  the  sons  of  the  prophets,  I  Kings 

xx.  35- 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iv.  chaps.  2  and  4. 

Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  125-136. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  v.  chaps.  14  and  15; 

vol.  vi.  chaps,  i,  4,  5,  7,  9. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  30. 
Rawlinson,  Kings  of  Israel  and  Judah,  chaps.  9,  10, 

12,   13- 

Hurlbut,  Man.  Bib.  Geog.,  pp.  87,  88. 
Sayce,  Fresh  Light,  pp.  102-104. 


112  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Cuneiform  Inscriptions  and  Old  Testament^  vol.  t. 

pp.  179-195. 

"  Moabite  Stone  "  in  Hastings,  Diet,  of  the  Bible; 
also  in  Ball,  Light,  etc.,  pp.  239-40. 
Kinns,  Graven  in  the  Rock,  chap.  xiv.  in  part. 
McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §  212-13. 

§60.   REIGN  OF  JEHOSHAPHAT  OF  JUDAH, 
B.  C.  871-847. 

1.  Give  and  characterize  the  kings  of  Judah  thus 

far  studied. 

2.  Jehoshaphat' s  beginning,    i    Kings  xv.    24:  2 

Chron.  xvii:  a.  walked  in  the  first  ways  of  his 
father  David  (2  Chron.  xvii.  3);  b.  took  away 
Asherim  and  some  high  places ;  c.  sent  princes, 
priests  and  Levites  to  teach  the  law  through- 
out the  cities  of  the  land;  d.  set  garrisons  in 
fenced  cities  of  Judah  and  Ephraim;  e.  in- 
creased the  army  to  1,160,000  men  (xvii. 

14-19). 

3.  Jehoshaphat' s  relations   with   Israel,   i    Kings 

xxii;  2  Kings  iii;  2  Chronicles  xviii:  a. 
Ahab:  (/)  visit  of  Jehoshaphat  to  Samaria, 
(2)  league  against  Syria,  (j)  400  prophets, 
(^)  Micaiah,  (5)  battle  of  Ramoth  Gilead,  (6) 
Jehoshaphat  on  return  rebuked  by  Jehu  son 
of  Hanani  (2  Chron.  xix.  1-3);  b.  Ahaziah 
son  of  Ahab,  i  Kgs.  xxii.  49 ;  2  Chr.  xx.  35-37 : 
(/)  in  a  Tarshish  navy,  (2)  Eliezer's  rebuke  (2 


DUAL  KINGDOM.  113 

Chr.  xx.  37),  (j)  fleet  wrecked;  c.  Jehoram 
son  of  Ahab,  2  Kgs.  iii.  4-27 ;  (/)  against  Mesha 
of  Moab,  (2)  Judah,  Israel  and  Edom  together, 
( j)  Elisha's  role,  (4)  victory,  (5)  human  sacri- 
fice, why  did  Israel  withdraw? 

4.  Jehoshaphafs  other  foreign  relations:  a.  Arabi- 

ans and  Philistines,  peaceful,  2  Chron.  xvii. 
II ;  b.  Moabites,  Ammonites,  Seir  (Syria,  2 
Chron.  xx.  2)  or  Edom:  (/)  meet  atEn-gedi, 
(2)  Jehoshaphat's  prayer,  (j)  prophecy  of 
Jahaziel,  (4)  song  of  praise,  (5)  victory  with- 
out a  stroke,  (6)  spoil,  (7)  praise  to  Jehovah; 
c.  Syrians,  see  3.  a ;  d.  Mesha  of  Moab,  see  3.  c. 

5.  Close  of  Jehoshaphafs  reign:  a.  makes  Jehoram 

his  son  regent  with  him,  2  Kings  viii.  16:  b. 
distributes  gifts,  gold,  silver  and  fenced  cities 
among  his  other  six  sons;  c.  died  and  buried 
with  his  fathers  in  city  of  David;  d.  length 
of  reign. 

6.  Contrast  the  characters  in  these  two  sections  ($9 

and  60),  e.g.  Ahab  and  Jezebel,  Ahab  and  Je- 
hoshaphat. 

7.  Locate  all  geographical  points  in  this  section. 

8.  Prophets  in  this  section:  a.  Jehu  son  of  Hanani 

the  seer,  2  Chron.  xix.  1-3;  b.  Jahaziel,  2 
Chron.  xx.  14-17 ;  c.  Eliezer,  2  Chron.  xx.  37. 

Literature: 

Additional  to  that  under  §59: 
Blaikie,  Manual,  chap,  n,  sec.  2. 


114  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Rawlinson,  Kings  of  Israel  and  Judah,  chap.  II. 
McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  andMon.,  §215. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  vi.  chaps.  5-7,  and  9. 

$61.     THE  GREAT  PERIOD  OF  ORAL  PROPHETS  AND 
ORAL  PROPHECY.     B.  C.  931-800. 

1.  Prophets  near  the  close  of  Solomon's  reign:  a. 

Ahijah  the  Shilonite,  2  Chron.  ix.  29;  I 
Kings  xi.  29;  b.  Iddo  the  seer,  2  Chron.  ix. 
29;  c.  Nathan,  2  Chron.  ix.  29. 

2 .  Minor  prophets  in  the  kingdom  of  Judah,  give  the 

work  of  each:  a.  Shemaiah  (under  Rehoboam 

1  Kings  xii.  22-24;  2  Chron.  xi.  2-4;  xii.  5> 
7,  15;  b.  Iddo  (Rehoboam   and  Jeroboam), 
Jeddo  or  Jedon  (Josephus  Antiq.  viii.  8,9),  2 
Chron.  ix.  29;    xii.  15;    xiii.  22;  c.  Azariah 
son  of  Oded  (Asa),  2   Chron.   xv.   1-8;  d. 
Hanani  the   seer,  2    Chron.   xvi.    7-10;  e. 
Jehu  son  of  Hanani  the  seer  (Jehoshaphat), 

2  Chron.  xix.  2,  3;  xx.  34;  /.  Jahaziel  (Je- 
hoshaphat), 2  Chron.  xx.  14-1 7;  g.  Eliezer 
(Jehoshaphat),  2  Chron.  xx.  37. 

3.  Minor  prophets  in  the  kingdom  of  Israel,  give 

the  work  of  each:  a.  Ahijah  the  Shilonite, 
((Solomon),  Jeroboam),  I  Kings  xi.  29-39;  xii. 
15;  xiv.  2-18;  xv.  29;  2  Chron.  ix.  29;  x. 
15;  b.  Iddo,  see  2.  b\  c.  Jehu  son  of  Hanani 
(Baasha),  I  Kings  xvi.  1-5,7, 12;  d.  Micaiah 


DUAL  KINGDOM.  115 

(Ahab),  i  Kings  xxii.  8-28;  2  Chron.  xviii. 

7-27- 
NOTE  i.— Iddo  and  Jeku  prophesied  in  both  kingdoms. 

NOT«  2. — Prophet  and  man  of  God  are  frequently  mentioned 
without  a  hint  as  to  their  names;  e.g.,  I  Kings  xiii.  i,  u;  xx.  13,  22; 
2  Chron.  xxv.  7,1$. 

4.  Elijah's  activity  during  the  famine  in  Ahatfs 

reign,  I  Kings  xvii.,  xviii:  a.  his  sudden  ap- 
pearance— tribal  relations?  I  Kings  xvii.  i: 

b.  dress,  2  Kings   i.  8;  c.  famine:  (/)  foretold, 
(2)  Elijah  atCherith,  (j)  at  Zarephath:  (a) 
miracle  of  meal  and  oil,  (b)  raising   dead;  (^) 
return  and  word  of  Obadiah,  (j)  Ahab's  salu- 
tation,   (6)  test  at  Carmel,  (7)  slaughter  of 
prophets  of  Baal  (Deut.  xiii.  6-9),  (8)  prayer 
and  rain,  (p)  Elijah  runs  before  Ahab  to  Jez- 
reel,  (id)  duration  of  famine,  I  Kings  xviii.  I ; 
Luke  iv.  25;  James  v.  17. 

5.  Elijah's  activity  during  the  remainder  of  Ahab's 

reign,  i  Kings  xix.,  xxi.  17-29:  a.  Elijah's 
flight  before  Jezebel:  (/)  Jezebel's  threat,  (2) 
Elijah  in  Beer-sheba,  (j)  miraculously  fed,  (^) 
forty  days  and  nights  in  Horeb,  (5)  God's 
manifestation  to  him,  cf.  Ex.  xxxiii.  21-23,  (6) 
commanded  to  anoint  (a)  Hazael  over  Syria, 
(b)  Jehu  over  Israel,  (c)  Elisha  as  his  suc- 
cessor; b.  discovery  and  mantling  of  Elisha; 

c.  "hast  thou  found  me,  O  mine  enemy?"  i 
Kings  xxi.  17-20:  (/)  Elijah's  message,  (2) 


116  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Ahab's  sorrow,  (j)  sentence  mitigated. 

6.  Elijah's  later  work:  a.  rebuked  messengers  of 
Ahaziah,  2  Kings  i.  3  sq.;  b.  consuming  of 
two  fifties;  c.  Elijah's'  message  to  Ahaziah; 
d.  Elijah's  writing  to  Jehoram  of  Judah,  2 
Chron.  xxi.  12-15;  e.  his  work  among  schools 
of  the  prophets,  2  Kings  ii.  1-7,  15-18;  /. 
his  appointment  of  Elisha  and  his  translation. 

7»  Elisha 's  call  and  work  among  the  sons  of  the 
prophets:  a.  call  and  conduct,  I  Kings  xix. 
1 6-2 1 ;  b.  visit  with  Elijah  to  sons  of  the  pro- 
phets at  Gilgal,  Bethel,  Jericho,  2  K.  ii.  2-6;  c. 
translation  of  Elijah,  and  sons  of  the  prophets 
at  Jericho,  (/)  before,  (2)  after;  d.  healing 
the  waters  at  Jericho;  e.  to  Bethel,  bears;  J. 
to  Carmel;  g.  to  Samaria;  A.  miracle  of  pot 
of  oil,  2  Kings  iv.  I  sq.;  i.  Shunem,  raising 
Shunammite's  son;  j.  to  Gilgal,  death  in 
the  pot;  k.  multiplying  food;  /.  iron  swam, 
2  Kings  vi.  1-7. 

8  Elisha' s  work  of  a  political  or  national  charac- 
ter: a.  in  war  against  Moab,  2  Kings  iii.  1 1- 
19;  b.  in  healing  Naaman  2  Kings  v.:  (/) 
Naaman's  source  of  information,  (2)  his  ex- 
pectation, (j)  his  submission,  (^)  his  resolu- 
tion, (5)  Gehazi's  sin  and  punishment;  c.  his 
value  to  the  king  of  Israel,  2  Kings  vi.  8-10; 
d.  his  fame  abroad,  2  Kings  vi.  12;  e.  be- 
sieged in  Dothan,  enemy  stricken  with  blind- 


• 


DUAL  KINGDOM.  117 

ness,  feasted,  sent  home;  f.  Syrians  besiege 
Samaria,  2  Kings  vi.  24-vii.  20:  (/)  famine, 
(2)  Elisha's  prophecy,  (j)  terror  strikes  the 
enemy,  (^)  flight  of  Syrians  and  plenty  for 
Israel ;  g.  Elisha's  influence  restores  Shunam- 
mite's  property,  2  Kings  viii.  1-6;  h.  Elisha's 
errand  at  Damascus,  2  Kings  viii.  7-15;  i.  an- 
ointing of  Jehu,  2  Kings  ix.  1-12;  /.  Elisha's 
sickness,  prophecy  to  Joash  of  Israel,  and 
death,  2  Kings  xiii.  14-19;  k.  miracle  with 
bones  of  Elisha,  2  Kings  xiii.  20,  21. 

9.  Compare  the  characters  of  Elijah  and  Elisha:  a. 

preparation  for  work;  b.  habits  of  life;  c. 
force  of  character;  d.  relations  to  rulers;  e. 
relation  to  sons  of  prophets. 

10.  Schools  of  the  sons  of  the  prophets:*  a.  head- 

quarters: (/)  Ramah,  (2)  Bethel,  (j)  Gilgal, 
(^)  Jericho,  (5)  Carmel,  (6)  Samaria;  b.  teach- 
ers: (/)  Samuel,  i  Sam.  xix.  20,  (2)  Elijah, 
(j)  Elisha;  c.  things  taught,  (/)  prophesying, 
(2)  sacred  service  and  music;  d.  occupation, 
(/)  study  and  worship,  (2)  run  errands,  (j) 
regular  duties  of  a  prophet;  e.  means  of  sub- 
sistence: (/)  gathered  in  fields,  (2)  gifts,  2 
Kings  iv.  42,  43;  v.  21-24. 

1 1 .  Work  of  the  prophets  :  a.  to  instruct  the  people 

in  the  law;  k.  to  convey  the  direct  will  of 
God,  mostly  upon  occasions  of  great  moment; 

*This  topic  is  fully  treated  by  the  author  in  Old  Testament  Stm- 
Cftt,  March  1889.  ) 


118  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

c.  to   forewarn    and   admonish   rulers;   d.  to 
embody  in  written   form   their   instructions 
direct  from  God ;  e.  to  preserve  a  history  of 
their  timest;  /.  to  counteract  all  idolatrous 
tendencies;  g.  to  provide  music,  etc.,  at  pub- 
lic religious  services,  I  Chron.  xxv. 
Remark. — False  prophets:  I.  a.  old  prophet  of 
Bethel,   I  Kings  xiii.  1 1 ;  b.  400  prophets   with   a 
lying  spirit,  I  Kings  xxii.  6-8,  22,23;  c-  45o  proph- 
ets of  Baal,  I  Kings  xviii.  19,  22,  40;  ^.400  proph- 
ets of  Asherah,  i   Kings  xviii.  19.     II.  a.  are  they 
idolatrous  prophets?  b.  are  they  perverted  worship- 
pers of  Jehovah,  wicked   men?     c.  do   they   really 
predict?  d.  their  methods  and  means  of  procedure. 

Literature: 

2  Sam.  i — 2  Kings  xiii.  20. 
2  Chron.  ix.  29 — xx.  37. 
Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iv.  chaps.  3  and  5. 
Blaikie,  Manual,  chap.  10,  sec.  3. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  iv.  chaps.  1-3,  10—14. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lees.  29-31. 
Elijah,  His  Life  and  Times,  Men  of  Bible  Series. 
McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §214. 
"  Elijah  "  in  Hastings,  Diet,  of  the  Bible. 
Meyer,  Elijah  and  the  Secret  of  his  Power. 

f  Several  of  the  prophets  mentioned  in  this  section  wrote  works, 
not  one  of  which  exists  at  the  present  day.  —  This  subject  is 
discussed  by  the  author  in  the  Bibliotheca  Sacra,  April  1889,  under 
the  title,  "  The  Lost  Writings  quoted  and  referred  to  in  the  Old 
Testament." 


DUAL  KINGDOM.  119 

Price,  The  Schools  of  the  Sons  of  the  Prophets, 
Old  Test.  Student,  March  1889. 

Price,  The  Lost  Writings  in  the  Old  Testament, 
Bibliotheca  Sacra,  April  1889. 

™    C  RELIGIOUS    DECLINE    IN   JUDAH. 
*      '  (  CHECK   TO   IDOLATRY   IN   ISRAEL. 

B.  C.  849-798. 

Judah — Jehoram  (8),  Ahaziah  (i),  Athaliah 

(7),  Joash  (40). 
Israel — Jehu  (28),  Jehoahaz  (17). 

I.  Reign  of  Jehoram  of  Judah,  2  Kings  viii. 
16-24;  2  Chron.  xxi.  1-20:  a.  regent  with 
his  father,  2  Kings  viii.  16;  b.  slew  his 
brethren — why?  2  Chron.  xxi.  1-4;  c. daughter 
of  Ahab  to  wife,  2  Kings  viii.  18;  d. 
walked  in  ways  of  kings  of  Israel;  e.  revolt 
of  Edomites — why?  /.  revolt  of  Libnah;  g. 
high  places  made;  h.  letter  from  Elijah;  i. 
Jehoram's  disease;/,  raid  of  the  Philistines  and 
Arabians,  result;  k.  ignominious  death  and 
burial;  /.  length  of  reign. 

i.  Reign  of  Ahaziah  of  Judah,  2  Kings  viii.  24-29; 
ix.  16-28;  2  Chron.  xxii.  1-9:  a.  Ahaziah's 
legacy,  blood  of  Jezebel;  b.  walked  in  ways 
of  Ahab,  by  counsel;  c.  leagues  with  Jeho- 
ram, his  uncle,  against  Ramoth  Gilead;  d. 
Jehoram  wounded;  e.  Ahaziah 's  visit  to 
Jezreel. 


12O  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

3.  Jehu's  extirpation  of  the  house  of  Omri,  2  Kings 

ix — x.  17;  2  Chron.  xxii.  7-9:  a.  anointing 
and  coronation  of  Jehu  at  Ramoth  Gilead,  2 
Kings  ix.  1-15;  b.  his  explicit  orders;  c.  haste 
to  Jezreel,  vss.  16-20;  d.  murder  of  Jehoram, 
21-26;  e.  murder  of  Ahaziah  of  Judah,  27-29; 
/.  death  of  Jezebel,  30-37;  g.  murder  of 
Ahab's  seventy  sons  in  Samaria,  2  Kings  x. 
1-9;  h.  murder  of  Ahab's  kinsfolk,  great  men 
and  friends,  10-1 1 ;  i.  murder  of  forty-two  of 
Ahaziah 's  brethren,  12-14;  /.  slaughter  of  all 
that  remained  of  Ahab  in  Samaria. 
NOTE — Jehonadab  son  of  Rechab  (cf.  Jer.  xxxv.) 

4.  Jehu's  stroke  at  idolatry,  2  Kings  x.  II,  18-28: 

a.  murder  of  priests  of  Ahab,  x.  n;  b. 
slaughter  of  Baal  worshippers,  18-25;  c. 
obelisks,  pillar  and  house  of  Baal  destroyed ; 
d.  but  the  calves  of  Jeroboam  retained. 

5.  Jehu's  enemies  and  death,  2  Kings  x.  29-36:  a. 

his  own  heart,  (/)  in  unwarranted  wholesale 
murder,  (2)  in  sins  of  Jeroboam;  b.  Hazael  of 
Syria,  x.  32,  33;  c.  Assyria,  his  tribute 
thereto  (C.  O.  T.  vol.  i.  p.  199  sq.);  d. 
Jehovah's  promise  to  Jehu;  e.  death  and 
burial  in  Samaria;  f.  length  of  reign. 

6.  Athaliatis  usurpation,  reign  and  death,  2  Kings 

xi;  2  Chron.  xxii.  10 — xxiii.  21:  a.  ancestry, 
Jezebel;  b.  bloody  disposal  of  seed  royal — 
except  Joash;  c.  Baal  worship  in  the  lead. 


DUAL  KINGDOM.  121 

2  Kings  xi.  18;  2  Chron.  xxiii.  17;  xxiv.  7; 

d.  rise  and  influence  of  Jehoiada;  e.  assembly 
and  coronation  of  Joash;  f.  Athaliah  slain. 

7.  Prosperous  reign  of  Joash  of  Judah,  2  Kings 

xi.  2,  12 — xii.  16  ;  2  Chron.  xxii.  n;  xxiii. 
ii — xxiv.  16:  a.  concealment;  b.  accession; 
c.  in  seventh  year  of  Jehu;  d.  did  right;  e. 
repairs  of  house  of  Jehovah;  /.  Jehoiada's 
prominent  role;  g.  Jehoiada's  death  and 
burial. 

8.  Disastrous  reign  of  Joash  of  Judah^  2  Kings 

xii,  17-21;  2  Chron.  xxiv.  17-27:  a. 
princes  influential  with  the  king;  b.  house  of 
Jehovah  forsaken;  c.  prophets  unheeded;  d. 
Zechariah,  by  king's  demand,  stoned;  e.  in- 
vasion of  the  Syrians;  /.  Hazael  bought  off 
by  temple  plunder;  g.  Joash's  disgraceful 
murder  and  burial;  h.  length  of  reign. 

9.  Reign  of  Jehoahaz   (son  of  Jehu)  of  Israel, 

2  Kings  xiii.  1-9:  a.  began  23d  year  of 
Joash  of  Judah;  b.  did  evil  as  Jeroboam;  c. 
was  delivered  up  to  Hazael  and  Ben-hadad 
of  Syria;  d.  besought  Jehovah;  e.  delivered 
but  weakened  (cf.  2  Kings  xiii.  23);  /.  death 
and  burial  in  Samaria;^-,  length  of  reign. 

10.  Carefully  point  out  all  geographical  points  in 

this  section. 

1 1 .  Contemporaneous  history:  a.  Edomites*  revolt; 

b.  raid  of  Philistines  and  Arabians;  c.  Syria: 


122  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

(/)  Ramoth  Gilead,  (2)  Gath,  (j>  Jerusalem; 
d.  Assyria. 

12.  Prophets  of  this  section:  I.  Judah:  a.  Elijah;  b. 
Zechariah.  II.  Israel:  a.  Elisha;  b.  son  of 
the  prophets. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iv.  chap.  6. 
Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  137-41. 
Edersheim,   Bible  History,  vol.   vi.    chaps.   15-17; 

vol.  vii.  chaps.  1-3. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  32. 
Rawlinson,  Kings  of  Israel  and  Judah,  chaps.  14-19. 
Sayce,  Higher  Crit.  and  Mon.,  pp.  389-98. 
McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §§1228-47. 
Kinns,  Graven  in  the  Rock,  chap.  xiv. 
Sayce,  Fresh  Light,  pp.  104-107. 
Cuneiform  Inscrip.  and  Old  Test,  vol,  i.  p.  199  sq. 

§63.      RELIGIOUS    DECLINE,    REGAL    PROSPERITY. 

B.  c.  799-735- 

Judah—  Amaziah  (29),  Uzziah  (52). 
Israel — Joash  (16),  Jeroboam   II   (41),  Zech- 
ariah (6m.). 

1.  Give  kings  of  Israel  and  Judah  to  this  point, 

with  length  of  reign  of  each. 

2.  Reign  of  Jo  ask   (son  of  Jehoahaz)  of  Israel \ 

2  Kings  xiii.  9 — xiv.  I,  8-16;  2  Chron.  xxv. 
17-24:    a.  departed  not  from  sins  of  Jero- 


DUAL  KINGDOM.  123 

boam,  son  of  Nebat;  b.  visit  to  Elisha's 
death-bed,  result;  c.  in  three  victories  he 
recovered  cities  from  Syria;  d.  Amaziah's 
challenge;  e.  Joash's  victory,  plunder  and 
breaking  down  the  walls  of  Jerusalem;  f. 
hostages  taken;  g.  death  and  burial  in 
Samaria. 

Reign  of  Amaziah  (son  of  Jo  ash)  of  Judah, 
2  Kings  xiv.  1-22;  2  Chron.  xxv:  a.  did 
right, yet  not  as  David;  b.  slew  his  father's 
murderers  (see  §62;  %  g.}\  c.  army,  300,000;  \ 
d.  100,000  hired  from  Israel;  e.  rebuked  by 
a  man  of  God,  Amaziah  sends  them  back;  f. 
their  anger  and  raid  of  Judah's  cities;  g. 
victory  over  Edom:  (/)  i o.ooo  slain,  (2)  10,000 
cast  from  top  of  a  rock;  h.  gods  of  Edom 
brought  home,  set  up  and  worshipped;/, 
rebuked  by  a  prophet  \  j.  challenges  Joash  of 
Israel;  k.  Amaziah  disastrously  defeated;  /. 
slain  by  a  conspiracy  in  Lachish. 

Reign  of  Jeroboam  II  of  Israel,  2  Kings 
xiii.  13;  xiv.  1 6,  23-29;  xv.  i:  a.  did  evil  in 
sight  of  Jehovah,  as  Jeroboam  I;  b.  restored 
border  of  Israel  from  entering  in  of  Hamath 
to  the  sea  of  the  Arabah  (Dead  Sea);  c.  all 
according  to  Jonah's  prophecy,  2  Kings  xiv. 
25;  d.  Jeroboam  II  Israel's  helper;  e.  re- 
covered Damascus;  /.  had  great  power  and 
prosperity;  g.  death  and  burial  in  Samaria. 


124  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

5.  Condition  of  Israel  at  close  of  Jeroboam1  s  reign: 

a.  territorially  next  to  Solomon;  b.  living 
luxuriously,  Amos  Hi.  12;  vi.  8,  n,  14;  c.  in 
low  state  of  morals,  Hos.  iv.  13;  Amos  ii.  7; 
iv.  1-8;  viii.    12;  d.   fraudulent    oppression, 
Hos.  v.    i;  Amos  iii.  9;  e.   n earing  state  of 
dissolution,  Amos  iii.  12;  v.  27;  vii.  17. 

6.  Reign  of  Zechariah  (son  of  Jeroboam  II)  of 

Israel,  2  Kings  xv.  8-12:  a.  began  38th  year 
of  Uzziah;  b.  "did  as  his  fathers  had  done"; 
c.  last  of  dynasty  of  Jehu,  smitten  after  six 
months  reign  by  Shallum,  a  conspirator;  d. 
promise  to  Jehu  fulfilled,  2  Kings  x.  30. 

7.  Reign  of  Uzziah  (Azariah)  of  Judah,  politi- 

cally,  2  Kings  xiv.  21,  22;  xv.  1-7;  2  Chron. 
xxvi:  #.  built  Elath  and  restored  it  to  Judah; 

b.  began,    16  years   old,    in   27th  year    of 
Jeroboam   II;   c.    conquered   Philistines;  d. 
defeated  Arabians  in  Gur-baal ;  e.  Ammonites 
submissive;  /.  fame  gone  down  to  Egypt;  g. 
fortified  Jerusalem;  h.  improved  the  country; 
i.  practiced  husbandry;    /.   standing   army 
307,500;    k.    new   weapons,    offensive     and 
defensive;  /.  power  famous  abroad;  m.  God 
made  him  to  prosper  as  long  as  he  sought 
him. 

8.  Reign  of  Uzziah  (Azariah)  of  Judah,  religi- 

ously: a.  did  nght  as  Amaziah;  b.  sought 
God  in  days  of  Zechariah;  c.  took  not  away 


DUAL  KINGDOM.  125 

the  high  places;  d.  power  fatal  to  him;  c. 
smitten  with  leprosy  in  the  temple;  f.  thrust 
out  by  priests  to  a  several  house;  g.  Jotham 
his  son  regent;  h.  Uzziah's  death  and  burial. 

9.  Contemporaneous  history:  a.  Syria;  b.  Assyria; 

c.  Edom;  d.  Philistines  and  Arabians;  e. 
Ammon;  f.  Egypt. 

10.  Prophets  in  this  section:  I.  Judah:  <r.  prophets 

(to  Joash),  2,  Chron.  xxiv.  19;  b.  man  of  God 
and  prophet  (to  Amaziah),  2,  Chron.  xxv. 
7,  15;  c.  Zechariah,  2  Chron.  xxvi.  5.  II. 
Israel:  a.  Jonah  (to  Jeroboam  II)  2  Kings 
xiv.  25. 

11.  Contemporaneous  literary  prophets:  a.  Jonah, 

cf.  i.  i,  with  2  Kings  xiv.  25;  b.  Hosea  i.  I; 
c.  Amos  i.  i;  d.  Isaiah  i.  I. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iv.  chaps.  7  and  9. 

Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  142-46. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  vii.  chaps.  4-6. 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lees.  33  and  37. 

Rawlinson,  Kings  of  Israel  and  Judah,  chaps.  20-24. 

Sayce,  Fresh  Light,  pp.  106-109. 

Geikie,    Old    Testament    Characters,     on    Jonah, 

Jeroboam  II. 

McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §§  248-68. 
Farrar,  F.  W  ,  The  Minor  Prophets,  Men  of  the 

Bible  Series. 


126  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

,g4    C  ANARCHY  IN  ISRAEL. 
*  (  IDOLATRY  IN  JUDAH. 

B.    C.    749-727. 

Judah — Jotham  (16),  Ahaz  (16). 
Israel — Shallum  (i  m.),  Menahem  (10),  Peka- 
hiah  (2),  Pekah  (20). 

1.  Reign  of  Shallum  of  Israel,  2   Kings  xv.  10, 

13-15:  a.  usurper,  having  slain  Zechariah;  b. 
began  39th  year  of  Uzziah ;  c.  slain  at  end  of 
a  month  by  Menahem. 

2.  Reign  of  Menahem  of  Israel,  2   Kings  xv.  14, 

16-22:  a.  usurper,  having  slain  Shallum;  b. 
smote  and  destroyed  Tiphsah ;  c.  did  evil  as 
Jeroboam ;  d.  tributary  to  Pul  (Tiglath-pileser) 
of  Assyria;  e.  exactions  from  the  people;/, 
died.  ' 

3.  Reign  of  Pekahiah  (son  of  Menahem)  of  Israel, 

2  Kings  xv.  22-26:  a.  began  in  5oth  year  of 
Uzziah;  b.  did  evil;  c.  slain  in  his  capital  at 
Samaria  by  Pekah,  his  captain. 

4.  Reign  of  Pekah  of  Israel,  2  Kings  xv.  25-31, 37; 

xvi.  1,5:  a.  usurper;  b.  began  5 2d  year  of 
Uzziah;  c.  did  as  Jeroboam;  d.  raid  and  cap- 
tives of  Tiglath-pileser  of  Assyria;  e.  league 
with  Rezin  of  Syria  against  Ahaz  of  Judah; 
/.  slain  by  Hoshea  in  a  conspiracy,  inspired 
by  Assyria. 

5.  Reign   of  Jotham  (son  of   Uzziah)  of  Judah , 

2  Kings  xv.  5,  32-38;  2  Chron.   xxvii:  a. 


DUAL  KINGDOM.  127 

regent  with  Uzziah;  b.  did  right  as  Uzziah, 
but  entered  not  into  the  temple  of  Jehovah; 

c.  built  castles  and  towers  in  tops  of  mountains; 

d.  subjugated  and  subsidized  Ammon;  e.  be- 
came mighty  because,  2  Chron.  xxvii.  4-6; 
/.  death. 

6.  Reign  of  Ahaz  of  Judah>  politically,  2  Kings 

xvi.  I -20;  xvii.  13-20;  2  Chron.  xxviii; 
Isaiah  vii.  1-20:  a.  began  i/th  year  of 
Pekah;  b.  delivered  to  Syria,  results;  c. 
delivered  to  Israel  with  Pekah,  results;  d.  200,- 
ooo  captives  returned  at  Oded's  injunction;  e. 
Ahaz  appeals  to  Tiglath-pileser  for  help ;  /. 
gifts  of  treasures;  g.  goes  to  Damascus  to  do 
obeisance  to  Tiglath-pileser;  h.  raid  of  Philis- 
tines on  southeast;  i.  Ahaz's  tribute  to 
Assyria. 

7.  Reign  of  Ahaz  of  Judah,  religiously:  a.  did  evil 

as  kings  of  Israel;  b.  made  images  of  Baalim; 
c.  burnt  his  children  in  fire  to  Moloch;  d.  rob- 
bed house  of  Jehovah ;  e.  made  a  Damascus 
altar;  f.  sacrificed  to  the  gods  of  Damascus; 
g.  shut  up  house  of  Jehovah;  h.  put  idola- 
trous altars  in  every  corner  of  Jerusalem;  i. 
did  according  to  the  abominations  of  the 
heathen  whom  Jehovah  cast  out  from  before 
the  children  of  Israel;  /.  death  and  burial. 

8.  Contemporaneous  history:  a.  Assyria;  b.  Syria; 

c.  Edom;  d.  Egypt. 


128  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

9.  Kings  of  Israel  and  Judah  mentioned  in  Assyrian 

inscriptions:  a.  Uzziah ;  b.  Ahaz;  c.  Pekah;  d. 
Menahem. 

NOTE — "Land  of  Omri"  is  mentioned  several  times. 

10.  Prophets   active   in   this  section:  I.  Judah:    a. 

Isaiah;  b.  Micah.     II.    Israel:  a.   Amos;  b. 
Oded. 

NOTE — Several  unnamed,  as  in  2  Kings  xvii.  13. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iv.  chaps.  8  and  11-12. 
Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  147-55. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  vii.  chaps.  7  and  8. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  34  in  part. 
Rawlinson,  Kings  of  Israel  and  Judah,  chaps.  24-27. 
Ball,  C.  J..  Light  from  the  East,  pp.  170-9. 
Cuneiform  Inscriptions  and  Old  Testament,  vol.  i. 

pp.  215-257- 
Sayce,    Fresh    Light    from    Ancient   Monuments, 

chap.  6. 

Sayce,  The  Times  of  Isaiah. 
Driver,  S.  R.,  Isaiah,  Men  of  the  Bible. 
Farrar,  Minor  Prophets,  Men  of  the  Bible. 
Expositor's  Bible,  Isaiah,  vol.  i. 
McCurdy,  Hist,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §§  269-341; 

vol.  ii.  §§  634-48. 


TENTH  PERIOD. 

JUDAH  ALONE.      FALL  OF  SAMARIA  TO 

FALL  OF  JERUSALEM. 

B.  C.  722-586. 


§65.  j 


REFORM    IN     JUDAH. 
DOWNFALL   OF   ISRAEL. 


Judah — Hezekiah  (29). 
Israel — Hoshea  (9). 

HezekiaWs  beginning  against  idolatry,  2  Kings 
xviii.  1-8:  a.  did  right  as  David;  b.  removed 
high  places;  c.  brake  obelisks;  d.  cut  down 
Asherah;  e,  brake  in  pieces  Moses'  serpent. 

Hezekiatfs  reform  in  the  temple  service,  2  Chron. 
xxix:  a.  opened  doors  of  house  of  Jehovah;  b. 
priests  sanctify  themselves ;  c.  house  of  Jehovah 
cleansed  and  sanctified;  d.  solemn  sacrifices 
with  music  of  David  and  Asaph;  e.  burnt  offer- 
ings, priests  helped  by  Levites ;  f.  great  re- 
joicing. 

Observance  of  the  passover,  2  Chron.  xxx. — xxxi. 
i :  a.  last  observance  previous  to  this ;  b.  call 
by  letters  to  all  from  Dan  to  Beersheba;  c.  re- 
sponse by  Asher,  Zebulun  and  Manasseh;  d. 
unclean  of  Ephraim,  Manasseh,  Issachar  and 
Zebulon  eat  the  passover  (vs.  19);  e.  passover 
129 


130  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

observed  fourteen  days;/",  gifts  of  Hezekiah 
and  princes;  g.  assembly  destroys  idolatry 
out  of  the  land. 

4.  Provisions  for    continuous    temple    worship,   2. 

Chron.  xxxi.  2-19:  a.  courses  of  Levites;  b»  the 
king's  portion;  c.  Levites' portion  in  Jerusalem; 
d.  tithes  renewed ;  e.  surplus  provided  for. 

5.  Hezekiatts  -political 'prosperity,  2  Kings  xviii.  7-13 : 

a.  rebelled  against  Assyria;  b.  conquered  Phil- 
istines; c.  in  favor  with  Egypt. 

6.  Hezekiah' s  great  prosperity — why?  2  Chron.  xxxi. 

20,  21 ;  2  Kings  xviii.  6,  7. 

7.  Reign  of  Hoshea  of  Israel,  2  Kings  xvii.  1-4:  a. 

enthroned  by  Tiglath-pileser  (Cun.  Ins.  vol.  i. 
p.  251  sq.);  b.  began  in  the  i2th  year  of  Ahaz; 

c.  tributary    to    Shalmaneser ;  d.   attempted 
league  with  So  of  Egypt;  e.  imprisonment  by 
Shalmaneser. 

8.  Fall  of  Samaria  (722  B.  c.),  2  Kings  xvii.  5,  6; 

xviii.  9-11:  a.  beseiged  by  Shalmaneser  of 
Assyria  b.  at  the  end  of  three  years  captured 
by  his  successor,  Sargon;  c.  Sargon's  own  ac- 
count of  it,  made  captive  27,280  inhabitants; 

d.  put  the  country  under  a  governor,  most  of 
the  inhabitants  remaining  in  the  land. 

9.  Why  did  Samaria  and  Israel  fall?  2  Kings  xvii. 

7-23:  a.  sinned  againet  Jehovah;  b.  served 
other  gods ;  c.  built  high  Traces ;  d.  set  up  obe- 


JUDAH  ALONE.  131 

lisks   and   Asherim;  e.  disregarded  seer  and 

prophet ;  f.   worshipped   host  of  heaven ;  g. 

burnt  children  to  heathen  gods. 
10.     Fate  of  the  captives,  2  Kings  xvii.  6,  23;  xviii. 

1 1 :  a.  carried  to  Assyria,  Halah,  Habor,  Gozan ; 

b.  scattered  among  the  Medes. 
n.     Importations  into  Samaria^  2  Kings  xvii.  24-41: 

a.  Assyrian    custom    of   deporting    peoples; 

b.  sources  of  these  importations;  c.  their  trouble 
in  Samaria;  d.  priest  of  Jehovah  returned  to 
them ;  e.  their  gods ;  f.  their  subsequent  wor- 
ship;^*, their  name,  Samaritans. 

Rem.  The  Samaritans  (Mon.  &  O.T.,  §§  262-74):  a 
their  origin;  6.  location;  c.  worship;  d.  later 
attitude  toward  the  Jews;  e.  Christ's  words 
concerning  them;  f.  their  later  history;  g. 
present  condition. 

12.     Contemporaneous  history:  a.  Assyria;  b.  Egypt; 

c.  Syria;  d.  Phoenicia. 

13     Prophets  active  at  this  time:  a.  Isaiah;  b.  Micah. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iv.  chaps.  10  and  12. 
Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  156-61. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  vii.  chap.  10. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  38. 
Rawlinson,  Kings  of  Israel  andjudah,  chaps.  28  and 

29. 
McCurdy,  Hist,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  §§  342-64; 

vol.  ii.  §§  620-33;  649-59. 


132  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Cuneiform  Inscriptions  and  Old  Testament    vol.  i. 

pp.  251-278. 
Ball,  C.  J.,  Light  from  the  East,  pp.  185-6. 

"      Life  and  Times  of  Isaiah. 
Driver,  Isaiah,  Men  of  the  Bible. 
Farrar,  Minor  Prophets,  Men  of  the  Bible. 
Sinker,  R.,  Hezekiah  and  his  Age,  chaps.  4-6. 

$66.    HEZEKIAH'S  REIGN  AFTER  FALL  OF  SAMARIA, 

1 .  Review  causes,  siege  and  capture  of  Samaria. 

2.  Give  the  kings   (/)  of  Judah  (2)  of  Israel  with 

length  of  reigns. 

3.  Sargotfs  invasion,  2  K.  xviii.  13;  Isa.  x.  5-xi.,  xx: 

a.  for  Sennacherib,  substitute  Sargon  in  2 
Kings  xviii.  13;  b.  Jerusalem  not  disturbed;  c. 
Ashdod  and  Ethiopians  made  captives. 

4.  Hezekiah 's  sickness,  2  Kings  xx.  i-i i;  2  Chron. 

xxxii.  24-26;  Isa.  xxxviii:  a.  before  Senna- 
cherib's invasion:  (/)  treasury  still  full,  Isa. 
xxxix.  2,  6,  contrasted  with  2  Kings  xviii. 
14-16;  (2)  deliverance  from  Assyria  still  in 
the  future,  Isa.  xxxviii.  6;  (j)  no  reference  to 
deliverance  in  Hezekiah's  psalm  of  thanks- 
giving— inexplicable  if  that  were  past;  (^) 
Sennacherib  began  to  reign,  705  B.  C.;  (5) 
Hezekiah  began  to  reign,  728  B.  c. — 3d  year 
of  Hoshea  of  Israel,  2  Kings  xviii.  i,  sick- 
ness about  713  B.  c. ;  b.  character,  inflam- 
matory cutaneous  disease  or  ulcers,  Lev.  xiii. 


JUDAH  ALONE.  133 

8;  Ex.  ix.  9sq.;  Deut.  xxviii.  27;  Job.  ii.  7; 

c.  meaning:    (a)   urge    Hezekiah   to   better 
works;  (b)  turn  him  to  himself  and  to  his 
God,  Isa.  xxxviii.  17;  d.  Isaiah's  prophecy, 
Isa.  xxxviii.  1-8;  2  Kings  xx.  5,  6;  e.  dial  or 
steps,  of  Ahaz:   (a)  asking  for  signs  frequent, 
Judg.  vi.  17,  36  sq.;  I  Sam.  ii.  34;  Matt.  xii. 
38;  xvi.   I,  etc.;    (b)  2  Kings  xx.   n,  says 
shadow,  Isaiah   says  shadow  with  the  sun\ 
(c)  was  it  (/)  refraction,  (2)  eclipse  (there  was 
one  Sep.  13,  713  B.  C.),  (j)  optical  illusion, 
or  (4)  miraculous. 

5.  Hezekiah *s  psalm  of  thanksgiving,  Isa.  xxxviii. 

10-20:  Analyze  this  carefully  after  three 
attentive  readings. 

6.  Embassy  of  M(B)erodach-baladan(cii.  7IOB.  C), 

2  Kings  xx.  12-19;  2  Chron.  xxxii.  31;  Isa. 
xxxix:  a.  who  were  they?  b.  relations  to 
Assyria;  c.  purpose  of  embassy:  (/)  con- 
gratulations, (2)  inquire  about  dial,  (j)  affect 
a  league,  (4)  espionage,  (5)  on  God's  part, 
"God  left  him  to  try  him  that  he  might  know 
all  that  was  in  his  heart,"  2  Chron.  xxxii.  31 ; 

d.  reception:  (/)  friendly,  (2)  intimacy  estab- 
lished, (j)  pride  exhibited;  e.  result:  (/)  to 
Hezekiah,  (a)  rebuke  by  Isaiah,  (b)  captivity 
foretold,  (c)   God's  right  recognized;  (2)   to 
embassy:  (a)  knew  Judah  and  Jerusalem,  (b) 
strengthened  themselves  in  the  southwest. 


134  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

7.  Sennacherib's  invasion  (701  B.  c.),  Isa.  xiv.  24- 

27;  xxxvi — xxxvii.  38;  2  Kings  xviii.  14— 
chap,  xix;  2  Chron.  xxxii.  1-23  (cf.  Isa.  xxii. 
1-14;  xvii.  12-14;  xviii.  1-7):  a.  who  was 
Sennacherib?  b.  object  of  this  expedition;  c. 
time  of  his  approach  to  Palestine,  Isa.  x;  d. 
Hezekiah's  water  works;  e.  first  demands 
before  Jerusalem:  (/)  language  spoken,  (2) 
arguments  for  surrender;  f.  second  set  of 
messengers  to  Jerusalem;  g.  Hezekiah's  use 
of  the  letter;  h.  Judah's  relations  to  Egypt; 
/.  Isaiah's  protest  against  alliance,  Isa.  xviii., 
xix.,  xx.  4-6;  xxx.  i-7;/.  Hezekiah's  tribute 
to  Sennacherib;  k.  influence  on  Judah,  Isa. 
xxii;  /.  fate  of  Assyrian  army;  m.  Byron's 
poem;  n.  Isaiah's  prophecy;  o.  death  of 
Sennacherib. 

8.  During  Hezekiah's  whole  career,  review  by  events 

even  to  details:  a.  reforms  political  and  relig- 
ous;  b.  capture  of  Samaria;  c.  Sargon's  in- 
vasion; d.  Hezekiah's  sickness;  e.  embassy 
from  Babylon;  f.  Sennacherib's  invasion;  g. 
Isaiah's  prominence  in  his  reign;  h.  Heze- 
kiah's death. 

9.  Contemporaneous  history,  cf.  especially  Rawlin- 

son  and  Sayce's  late  works:  a.  Assyria; 
b.  Babylon;  c.  Syria;  d.  Ethiopia;  e.  Egypt. 

10.  Prophets  active  at  this  time: a.  Isaiah;  b.  Micah. 

Literature: 
Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  iv.  chaps.  13-17,  vol.  v.  i. 


JUDAH  ALONE.  135 

Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  162-81. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  vii.  chaps.  I  i-i  3. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  38  in  part. 
Rawlinson,  Kings  of  Israel  and  Judah,  chap.  29. 
Sayce,  Higher  Crit.  and  Mon.,  pp.  428-44. 

"       Life  and  Times  of  Isaiah. 
McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  vol.  ii.  §§  660-8; 

669-74;  675-743. 
Driver,  Isaiah,  Men  of  the  Bible. 
Kinns,  Graven  in  the  Rock,  chap.  xv. 
Ball,  C.  J.,  Light  from  the  East,  pp.  187-199. 
Bennett,  The  Diseases  of  the  Bible,  p.  102  sq. 
Sinker,  Hezekiah  and  his  Age,  chaps.  7-10. 

§67.      REIGNS  OF  MANASSEH(55)  AND  AMON  (2). 
B.  C.  ca.  698-641. 

2  Kings  xxi;  2  Chron.  xxxiii. 

1.  Condition  of  Judah  at  the  close  of  Heztkiah's 

reign:  a.  religiously;  b.  politically. 

2.  Accession   of  Manasseh:  a.  at   twelve  years  of 

age;  b.  had  a  righteous  father,  and  probably 
a  righteous  mother;  c.  but  evil  counsellors. 

3.  Reasons  for  an  anti-religious  movement:  a.  su  • 

premacy  of  Jehovah  worship  since  Ahaz's 
time;  b.  presence  of  idolaters  in  the  court; 
£.  presence  of  foreigners  in  the  land;  d.  seem- 
ing scarcity  of  prophets  and  faithful  priests. 


136  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

4.  Kinds  of  heathen  worship  revived  and  introduced, 

describe  each:  a.  high  places;  b.  Baal;  c. 
Asherah;  d.  all  the  host  of  heaven;  e.  burnt 
his  children  in  fire,  see  $24.  8;  /.practiced 
augury  and  enchantments. 

NOTE.  — Valley  of  Hinnom-Tophet,  Jer.  vii.  31,  32;  Ezek.  xxiii. 
37,  39- 

5.  Manasseh  s  persecutions  of  the  faithful:  a.  shed 

innocent  blood,  very  much,  2  Kings  xxi.  16 
b.  traditional  death  of  Isaiah;  c.  cf.  Jezebel 
and  Athaliah's  persecutions  —  conflicts  be- 
tween idolatry  and  true  worship. 

6.  Jehovah's  prophets  and  words  to  Manasseh,  2 

Kings  xxi.  10-16;  2  Chron.  xxxiii.  10:  a. 
some  prophets  still  alive ;  b.  Jerusalem  to  be 
as  Samaria;  c.  remnant  to  be  delivered  into 
the  hands  of  spoilers;  d.  servant  to  Assyria. 

7.  Manasseh  s  captivity,  2  Chron.  xxxiii.  11-13;  <*• 

Judah  in  league  with  S.  W.  peoples  against 
Assyria;  b.  Asurbanipal,  king  of  Assyria 
and  Babylon,  captures  Manasseh;  c.  peni- 
tence; */.  return;  £.  occurred  about  647  B.C. 

8.  Manasseh 's  reform  and  death:  a.  fortifies  Jerusa- 

lem and  Judah;  b.  casts  out  idols;  c.  builds  altar 
of  Jehovah;  d.  bids  all  serve  him;  e.  death. 

9.  Anton's  reign,  2   Kings   xxi.  19-26;  2  Chron. 

xxxiii.  21-25;  #•  "Amon"  is  the  name  of  an 
Egyptian  deity;  b.  began  at  22  years  of  age; 
c.  did  evil  as  Manasseh;  d.  served  images 
Manasseh  had  made;  e.  slain  by  his  servants 
in  his  own  house;  f.  buried  in  his  own  sep- 
ulchre. 


JUDAH   ALONE.  137 

10.  Contemporaneous  history:  a.  Assyria;  b.  Baby- 

lon; c.  Egypt. 

11.  Prophets  active:  a.  2  Kings  xxi.  10;  b.  2  Chron. 

xxxiii.  10;  c.  2  Chron.  xxxiii.  18;  d.  Nahum. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  v.  chaps.  2-4. 
Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§  182-92, 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  vii.  chap.  14. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  39. 
Rawlinson,  Kings  of  Israel   and   Judah,  chaps.  30, 

Si- 

Sayce,  Fresh  Light  from  Ancient  Mon.,  p.  129  sq. 
Cun.  Inscrip.  and  Old  Test.,  vol.  ii.  pp.  39-43,  $3-59. 
Ball,  C.  J.,  Light  from  the  East,  pp.  200-2. 


§68.    JOSIAH'S  REIGN  AND  REFORMS. 
B.  c.  640-608. 

?   Kings  xxii — xxiii.    30;   2   Chron.   xxxiv.,  xxxv; 
Jer.  i — x;  Zeph.  i — iii. 

1.  Accession  of  Josiah:  a.  at  eight  years  of  age;  b. 

walked  in  ways  of  David  his  father. 

2.  Condition  of  Judah  at  beginning  of  Josiah's 

reign:  a.  politically;  b.  religiously. 
V     Reasons  for  a  revival:  a.  the   pendulum    now 
swings  back;    b.   Josiah 's   early  training;    c. 
faithful  few;  d.  preaching  of  the  prophets;  e. 
probably  a  Scythian  invasion,  Ez.  xxxviii.  2-13. 


138  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

4.  JosiaWs  purifications  in  and  out  of  Jerusalem: 

a.  of  idols:  (/)  Asherah  in  the  temple,  (2)  Baal 
vessels,  etc. ,  (j)  graven  and  molten  images 
of  all  kinds,  (^)  sun  images,  (5)  horses  and 
chariots  of  the  sun;  b.  places  of  worship:  (/) 
high  places,  (2)  Tophet,  (j)  houses  of 
Sodomites,  (^)  altars  of  Ahaz  on  housetops, 
(5)  altars  of  Manasseh  in  courts  of  house  of 
Jehovah,  (6)  high  places  of  Solomon,  (7) 
altar  of  Jeroboam  son  of  Nebat  at  Bethel, 
(<?)  high  places  in  Samaria,  Simeon  and 
Naphtali;  c.  worshippers:  (/)  put  down  idola- 
trous priests  at  Jerusalem,  (2)  sacrificed  the 
priests  on  the  altars,(j)  burned  priests'  bones 
on  the  altar,  (4.)  remarkable  fulfillment  of 
prophecy,  2  Kings  xxiii.  16,  with  I  Kings 
xiii.  2  (345  years  earlier). 

5.  Repairs  of  the  temple  and  discovery  of  the  law: 

a.  collections  inside  and  outside  of  Jerusalem; 

b.  repairs  of  wood  and  stone;  c.  scroll  of  law 
found — that  it  had  existed  at  an  earlier  day 
is  shown:  (/)  by  its  instant  recognition,  (2) 
by  its  briefness,  as  only  Deuteronomy  could 
have  been  read  through  in  one  session,  (j)  at 
coronation  of  Joash,  the  testimony  was  put 
into  his  hands,  (^)  David  directed  services 
according  to  the  law  of  Jehovah,  (5)  Joshua 
read  the  law  at  Gerizim;  d.  in  1 8th  year  of  his 
reign. 


JUDAH    ALONE.  139 

6.  Effect  of  this  "find"  on  king  and  people:  a.  at  its 

reading  Josiah  rends  his  clothes;  b.  Huldah, 
the  prophetess,  inquires  of  Jehovah  for  him;  c. 
people  assembled;  d.  law  read;  e.  covenant 
entered  into. 

7.  Re-institution   of  the  passover:  a.    exactly  in 

accordance  with  the  law;  b.  more  complete 
than  since  the  judges;  c.  further  cleansing  of 
the  land  of  witches,  etc. 

8.  Real  condition  of  Judah  as  a  people:  Jer.  i — x. 

9.  Relations  of  Egypt  to  the  East,  Nineveh  and 

Babylon. 

10.  Josiah 's  rashness  and  death:  a.  Necho's  expedi- 

tion; b.  Josiah 's  eastern  lord,  who  was  he?  c. 
Josiah  rebuked;  d.  rashness  and  death;  e. 
elegy  of  Jeremiah  and  mourning  of  all  Israel. 

11.  Josiah' s  character  and  work:  a.  intensely  religi- 

ous; b.  poor  politician;  c.  medium  force;  d. 
work  necessarily  superficial;  e.  not  always 
wise. 

12.  Contemporaneous  history:  a.  Assyria;  b.  Baby- 

lon; c.  Egypt. 

13.  Prophets  active  now:  a.  Huldah;  b.  Jeremiah; 

c.  Nahum;  d.  Zephaniah. 
Literature  : 

• 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  v.  chaps.  5,  8-n. 
Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §§193,  194. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  vii.  chaps.  1 5  and  id 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  39  in  part 


140  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Rawlinson,  Kings  of  Israel  and  Judah,  chap.  32. 
McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  vol.  ii.  §§  807- 

20.     voliii.,  Bk.  IX.  chaps.  1-5. 
Kinns,  Graven  in  the  Rock,  chap.  xvii.  in  part. 
Cheyne,  T.  K.,  Jeremiah,  Men  of  the  Bible. 
Smith,  Old  Test.  History,  chap.  25  in  part. 
Farrar,  Minor  Prophets,  Men  of  the  Bible. 

$69.      DECLINE  UNDER  JEHOAHAZ  (3   M.) 
AND  JEHOIAKIM  (ll). 

B.   C.  608-598. 


2  Kings  xxiii.  30 — xxiv.  6;  2  Chron.  xxxvi.  1-8; 
Jer.  xiv.-xx.;  xxvi.,  xxii.  13-19;  xxv.,  (xlvi.- 
xlix.),  xxxv.,  xxxvi.,  xlv. 

1 .  Give  the  kings  of  Judah  in  order,  with  length 

of  reigns. 

2.  Condition  of  Judah  at  accession  of  Jehoahaz. 

3.  Career  of  Jehoahaz;  2   Kings  xxiii.  30-34;  2 

Chron.  xxxvi.  1-4;  Jer.  xxii.  u,  12:  a.  made 
king  by  the  people;  b.  deposed  after  three 
months  by  Necho;  c.  land  taxed;  d.  Jehoahaz 
exiled  in  Egypt. 

4.  JehoiakMs  accession:  a.  set  up  by  Necho  as  his 
%     subject;  b.  name  changed  from  Eliakim;  c. 

tribute  paid  to  Egypt. 

5.  Jeremiah's  deliverance  to  Jehoiakim^  xxxv.,  xxvi. 


JUDAH    ALONE.  141 

i-n:  a.  captivity  of  Judah;  b.  fall  of  Jeru- 
salem; c.  overthrow  of  Babylon;  d.  fall  of 
all  the  nations  of  the  East,  all  on  account  of 
sins  of  Judah. 

6.  JehoiakMs  religious  policy:  a.  suppression  of 

the  prophets:  (7)  Urijah,  (2)  Jeremiah,  (j)  2 
Kings  xxiv.  4;  b.  destruction  of  prophecies 
against  himself:  (/)  events  leading  to  the  read- 
ing of  the  roll,  (2)  cutting  and  burning  the 
same,  (j)  hunt  for  the  originators. 

7.  Jehoiakim  politically:  a.  vassal  of  Egypt  three 

years,  2  Kings  xxiii.  33 :  b.  beautified  his  palace, 
Jer.  xxii.  14;  c.  fourth  year  he  submits  to 
Nebukadrezzar,  King  of  Babylon  (cf.Jer.  xlvi. 
7-10)  2  Kings  xxiv.  i;  d.  in  eighth  year  he 
rebels  against  Nebukadrezzar,  2  Kings  xxiv. 
i ;  e.  punished  by  bands,  2  Kings  xxiv.  2 ;  f. 
captured  by  Nebukadrezzar,  2  Chron.  xxxvi. 
7;£*.  end  of  Jehoiakim,  Jer.  xxxvi.  30;  xxii. 
18,  19. 

8.  Contemporaneous  history:  a.  Assyria;  b.  Baby- 

lon; c.  Egypt;  d.  Syria. 

9.  Prophets  active   here:  a.  Jeremiah;   b.   Urijah; 

c.  Zephaniah;  d.  Habakkuk. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  v.  chaps.  13-15. 
Price,  Monuments  and  O.  T.,  §§  195-8;   199-201. 
Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  vii.  chaps.  16  and  17. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  40. 
Rawlinson,  Kings  of  Israel  and  Judah,  chap.  33. 
McCurdy,    Hist.,    Proph.,   etc.,  vol.  ii.  §§821-33. 
vol.  iii.,  Bk.  IX.  chaps.  6  and  7. 


142  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

§70.      FINAL  DECLINE  UNDER   JEHOIACHIN   (3   M.) 
AND   ZEDEKIAH  (ll).      B.C.  597-586. 

I.  Jehoiachin,  2,   Kings  xxiv.   8-16;    xxv. 

27-30;  2  Chron.  xxxvi.  9,  10;  Jer.  xxii. 
20-30  ;  xiii. 

1.  Political  status  of  Judah:  a.  subject  to  Babylon ; 

b.  probably  suspecting  revolt,  Nebukadrezzar 
lays  siege  to  Jerusalem;  c.  king,  princes,  arti- 
zans,  come  out  and  surrender;  d.  carried  to 
Babylon. 

2.  Religious  policy  of  Jehoiachin:  a.  did  evil  in 

the  sight  of  Jehovah;  b.  provoked  Jeremiah, 
who  called  him  a  "  despised  broken  vessel" 
(xxii.  28);  c.  brought  on  his  captivity. 

3.  Jeremiah's  attitude:  a.  Jer.  xiii.  18-21;  b.  xxii. 

24-30. 

II.  Zedekiah,  2  Kings  xxiv.  17 — xxv.  7;  2 
Chron.  xxxvi.  11-16;  Jer.  xxvii.-xxix.,  1.,  li. ;  xxi. 
i-xxii.  9 ;  xxiv.,  xxxvii.,  xxxiv.,  xxx.-xxxiii. 

1.  Accession  :  a.  third  son  of  Josiah;  b.  began  598 

B.  C.;  c.  Mattaniah  (gift  of  Jah)  changed 
to  Zedekiah  (righteousness  of  Jah),  cf.  Jer. 
xxiii.  5,  6;  d.  vassal  to  Babylon. 

2.  Religious  -policy  of  Zedekiah :  a.  largely  in  the 

hands  of  the  princes,  hostile  to  Jeremiah,  yet 
strongly  influenced  by  him;  cf.  Jer.  xxxviii. 
14-28. 


JUDAH    ALONE.  143 

3.  Embassies  to  Babylon  :  a.  with  Jeremiah's  letter, 

Jer.  xxix.  1-20;  b.  Zedekiah's  trip  to  Baby- 
lon, Jer.  li.  59-64:  (/)  to  relieve  suspicions, 
(2)  to  re-affirm  allegiance  to  Babylon. 

4.  Political  entanglements  with  Egypt:  a.  advice  of 

the  Egyptian  party;  b.  new  king,  Hophra,  on 
throne  of  Egypt;  c.  false  prophecies  about 
early  fall  of  Babylon,  Jer.  xxviii.  i-n;  d. 
petty  kings  who  were  ambassadors  to  Jeru- 
salem, Jer.  xxvii.  3,  4;  e.  Zedekiah  sent 
ambassadors  to  Egypt  to  negotiate  an  alli- 
ance, Ezek.  xvii.  15;  f.  league  with  Egypt 
probably  made;  g.  open  rebellion  against 
Babylon,  2  Kings  xxiv.  20;  2  Chron.  xxxvi. 
13  (588  B.  C.). 

5.  Jeremiah's  zeal  against  Zedekiah's  decision:  a. 

avoid  Egypt;  b.  be  faithful  to  Babylon;  c. 
serve  Jehovah. 

6.  Approach   of  the   Babylonian   army :     a.    the 

army  with  Nebukadr  ezzar  in  person ;  b.  re- 
course to  divination,  Ezek.  xxi.  20-22;  c. 
ravaging  of  Judah;  d.  encampment  about 
Jerusalem. 

7.  Contemporaneous  history:  a.  Babylon;  b.  Egypt; 

c.  Media. 

8.  Prophets  active  now:  a.  Jeremiah;  b.  2  Chron. 

xxxvi.  1 6. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  v.  chaps.  17  and  18. 
Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §  202. 


144  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Edersheim,  Bible  History,  vol.  vii.  chap.  17. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  40  in  part. 
Rawlinson,  Kings  of  Israel  and  Judah,  chap.  34. 
Cun.  Inscrip.  and  Old  Testament,  vol.  ii.  pp.  37-42- 
Cheyne,  Jeremiah,  His  Life  and  Times. 
McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  vol.  iii.,  Bk.  X. 

chaps.  1-3. 
Kinns,  Graven  in  the  Rock,  chap.  xvii.  in  part. 


ELEVENTH  PERIOD. 

EXILE.     FALL  OF  JERUSALEM   TO    FALL 
OF  BABYLON.     B.  C.  586-538. 

§71.      THE  FALL  OF  JERUSALEM. 
586   B.   C. 

Jer.  xxv.  8-38;  xxi.    i — xxii.   1-9;  xxiv.,  xxxvii., 

xxxiv.,  xxxii.-iii.;  2  Kings  xxv.  8-22;  2  Chron. 

xxxvi.    17-21;   Jer.  Hi.   12-30;   Jer, 

xxxix.,  xl. 

1.  Its  prediction,  when  and  by  whom?   a.  Isaiah 

to  Hezekiah,  2  Kings  xx.  17;  b.  prophets  to 
Manasseh,  2  Kings  xxi.  10-16;  c.  Huldah 
to  Josiah,  2  Kings  xxii.  16,  17,  with  Deut. 
xxviii.  25,  52-68;  d.  Jeremiah  to  Jehoiakim, 
Jer.  xxv.  9-1 1 ;  e.  Jeremiah  to  Zedekiah,  Jer. 
xxxiv.  2,  3;  of  the  minor  prophets,  Micah  iii. 
12;  vii.  13;  Zephaniah  i.  2-6. 

2.  Mediate  and  immediate  causes:  I.  mediate:  a. 

alliances  between  Solomon  and  outside 
peoples;  b.  between  Jehoshaphat  and  Ahab; 

c.  corruption  of  kings  of  Judah;  d.  rebellion 
of  kings  of  Judah  against  their  masters.     II. 
immediate:  a.  entanglements  with  Egypt;  b. 
Zedekiah's  rebellion  against  Babylon ;  c.  his 
disregard  of  Jeremiah  and  all  the  prophets; 

d.  his  obstinacy  at  the  siege. 

145 


146  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

3.  The  investment:  a.  location  of  the  city;  b.  camp 

of  Babylonians;  c.  methods  of  siege;  d.  time. 

4.  Occur ences  during  the  siege :  a.  attack  begun ;  b. 

slaves  set  free,  xxxiv.  8,  9;  c.  army  departs  and 
defeats  Egyptians;  d.  re-enslaving  the  free, 
xxxiv.n;^.  Jeremiah's  rebuke;  f.  Jeremiah's 
arrest  and  imprisonment,  xxxvii.  15;  g.  army 
returns  and  continues  the  siege;  h.  Zedekiah's 
favor  toward  Jeremiah ;  £  princes'  ill-treatment 
of  him;y.  famine  at  hand,  xxxvii.  21;  xxxviii.  9. 

5.  Capture  and  plunderings,  at  end  of  eighteen 

months:  a.  breach  made  in  the  walls ;  b.  flight 
of  king  and  army;  c.  capture  of  king  and 
attendants ;  d.  carrying  off  the  population. 

6.  Treatment  of  the  captives:  a.   Zedekiah  con- 

demned at  Riblah;  b.  his  sons  and  princes 
slain  before  him;  c.  his  own  eyes  put  out; 
d.  sent  in  fetters  to  Babylon. 

7.  Kindness  to  Jeremiah,  Jer.  xxxix.  Il-I4;xl.  1-6. 

8.  Nebuzaradan's  return  and  destruction  of  Jeru- 

salem: a.  plunderings;  b.  fire;  c.  razing  the 
walls;  d.  carrying  away  the  people. 

9.  Review   the  five   captivities  of  Jerusalem   by 

Nebukadrezzar^  cf.  Jer.  Hi.  28-3O.cf.  §  73.  2. 

10.  Significance  of  the  fall  of  Jerusalem  for  Judah: 

a.  end  of  city  of  David;  b.  end  of  the  nation; 
c.  end  of  the  temple* centre  of  Jehovah  wor- 
ship ;  d.  end  of  a  home  for  Israel. 
Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  vi.  chaps.  3-6. 

Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Testament,  §  203. 


THE  EXILE.  147 

Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  40. 

Rawlinson,  Kings  of  Israel  and  Judah,  chap.  34. 

Cun.  Inscrip.  and  Old  Testament,  vol.  ii.  pp.  47-51. 

Cheyne,  Jeremiah,  His  Life  and  Times. 

Ball,  C.  J.,  Light  from  the  East,  pp.  203-6. 

McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  vol.  iii.,  Bk.  X. 

chaps.  4-5. 
Price,  Syllabus  of  the  Minor  Prophets,  pp.  13,  15. 

§72.      REMNANTS  IN  PALESTINE  AND  BGYFT. 


2  Kings  xxv.  22-26;    Jer.  xl-xliv;    Ezek.  xxxvi. 

1 .  Provisions  of  Nebukadrezzar  for  the  remnant 

in  Palestine:  ^.Gedaliah  appointed  governor 
by  Nebukadrezzar  over  all  remaining  in  the 
cities  and  in  the  country ;  b.  his  exhortations 
to  the  people;  c.  return  of  the  Jews  out  of 
/  Moab,  Ammon  and  Edom. 

2.  Murder  of  Gedaliah  by  Ishmael  of  seed  royal: 

a.  Gedaliah  warned  by  Johanan;  b.  Gedaliah, 
Jews  and  Chaldeans  smitten  at  Mizpah;  c. 
Ishmael  slays  seventy  men  from  Shechem;  d. 
ten  from  Shechem  saved;  e.  leads  captive 
the  house  of  Gedaliah. 

3.  Johanarts  supremacy:  a.  Johanan's   pursuit  of 

Ishmael;  b.  Ishmael's  flight  and  return  of 
captives;  c.  Johanan's  victory,  and  home  near 
Bethlehem. 


148  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

4.  Jeremiah's  word-of-Jehovah  to  this  remnant:  a. 

be  content  here  and  Jehovah  will  build  you 
up;  b.  enter  Egypt  and  ye  shall  die  by  sword, 
pestilence  and  famine. 

5.  Their  flight  into  Egypt:  a.  against  Jeremiah's 

warnings  they  go  down  to  Egypt;  b.  Jeremiah 
and  Baruch  taken  along;  c.  other  Jews  there, 
Jer.  xxiv.  8,  9;  xliv.  I. 

6.  Jeremiah's  prophecy  at  Tahpahnes:  a.  announc, 

ing  Nebukadrezzar's  supremacy  there;  b.  de- 
struction of  Egypt's  gods;  c.  destruction  of 
the  Jews  on  account  of  their  wickedness. 

7.  Social  and  literary  surroundings  of  the  Jews 

in  Egypt:  a.  abundant  wealth;  b.  luxury  on 
all  hands;  c.  vice  regnant;  d.  idolatry  every- 
where; e.  women's  replies  to  Jeremiah. 

8.  End  of  the  Jewish  exiles  in  Egypt:  a.  perished 

there  for  the  most  part;  b.  a  few  returned  to 
Judah,  Jer.  xliv.  14,  27;  c.  some  were  carried 
to  Babylon  (Josephus). 

9.  Political  history  of  Egypt  during  the  exile  of 

these  Jews. 

I  o.  EzekieVs  prophecies  concerning  the  fate  of  Egypt. 
Chaps,  xxix.  17-21;  xxx.,  xxxii. 

11.  Condition  of  Palestine  during  the  remaining 

years  of  the  Babylonian  exile. 

12.  Means  of  intercommunication  between  the  exiled 

Jews  of  various  countries. 


THE  EXILE.  149 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  vi.  chaps.  9  and  IO. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  40  in  part. 
Old  Test.  Student,  June  1888. 
Cheyne,  Jeremiah,  His  Life  and  Times. 
Ball,  The  Prophecies  of  Jeremiah,  Expositor's  Bible. 
Smith,  Old  Test.  History,  chap.  26  in  part. 

§73.     THE  BABYLONIAN  EXILE  OF  THE  JEWS. 

Ezek.  iii.,  xi.   14-25;    xii.  21-28;    xiv.,  xvii — xx., 
xxxiii.,  xxxiv;  Jer.  xxix;  Dan.  i.,  ii. 

1.  Its  prediction,  when  and  by  whom?  a.  Isaiah  to 

Hezekiah,  2  Kings  xx.  17,  1 8;  b.  Micah  to 
Judah,  iv.  10;  c.  Jeremiah,  xxv.  11;  xxxiv. 
2,  3,  etc. 

2.  Captivities  initiating  this  exile — all  by  Nebu- 

kadrezzar:  a.  third  year  of  Jehoiakim,  (605 
B.  c.),  2  Kings  xxiv.  i;  2  Chron.  xxxvi.  6,  7; 
Dan.  i.  I,  2;  b.  close  of  Jehoiakim's  reign, 
(598  B,  c.),  Jer.  Hi.  28,  3,023  persons;  ^.begin- 
ning of  Jehoiachin's  reign  (597  B.  c.),  2 
Kings  xxiv.  10-16;  2  Chron.  xxxvi.  10,  10,000 
persons;  d.  double  deportation  at  fall  of 
Jerusalem,  (/)  2  Kings  xxv.  8-21;  2  Chron. 
xxxvi.  18-20;  Jer.  xxxix.  8-10;  Hi.  12-27, 
(2)  Jer.  Hi.  29,  832  persons;  e.  deportation 
of  a  remnant,  Jer.  Hi.  30,  745  persons,  (581 

B.  C.). 


150  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

3.  Babylonian  empire:    a.  extent;    b.  capital;    c. 

king;  d.  political  policy;  e.  religious  policy; 
/.  history. 

4.  Localities  assigned  to  the  exiles:  a.  in  Babylon, 

e.g.  Daniel  and  companions;  b.  on  the  Che- 
bar,  e.  g.  Ezekiel;  c.  among  all  the  peoples  of 
the  empire,  Jer.  xxix.  14, 18;  iii.  18,  and  often. 
5-  Classes  of  exiles:  a.  those  in  favor  with  the 
court,  Dan.  i.  19-21;  ii.  46-49;  b.  common 
laborers  —  lower  classes,  Jer.  xxix;  Ezek. 
xiii;  c.  pretentious  prophets,  Ezek.  xiii;  Jer. 
xxix. 

6.  Social  condition  of  the  exiles:  a.  Jehoiachin,  2 

Kings  xxv.  27,  and  Daniel,  i.  19-21,  etc.;  £, 
others  ill  treated,  cf.  Isa.  liv.  II ;  c.  well  treated, 
cf.  Jer.  xxix.  4-7;  also  Ezek.  and  Esther 
throughout;  d.  maintained  family  and  tribal 
relations. 

7.  Political  condition  of  the  exiles:  a.  subjects  of 

Babylon;  b.  with  longing  for  Jerusalem;  c. 
other  points? 

8.  Religious  condition  of  the  exiles,  cf.  Geikie,  vi. 

16:  a.  idolatry  rampant,  cf.  Ezek.  xx.  30- 
39;  b.  false  prophets  active,  Jer.  xxix.  4-8; 
c.  Ezekiel  faithful  to  Jehovah;  d.  a  few  fol- 
lowers cling  to  the  true  faith;  e.  other  points? 

9.  Institutions  during  the  exile:  a.  fasts,  Zech.  vii. 

2,  3,  5;  b.  schools,  Ezra  viii.  15-20. 

10.  Literary  activity  in  the  exile:  a.  Jeremiah's 


THE  EXILE.  151 

latter  prophecies,  given  in  Egypt;  &.  Ezekiel's 
(592-570  B.  C.)  wonderfully  logical  and  forci- 
ble prophecies;  c.  Ezra's  collection  and  editing 
of  texts;  d.  establishment  of  schools,  formu- 
lating of  lengthy  traditions,  etc. 

11.  Daniel  in  Babylon:  #.  trained  in  the  court;  b. 

employed  in  the  court;  c.  interprets  Nebu- 
kadrezzar's  dream,  Dan.  i.  16-21;  ii.  1-49. 

12.  Contemporaneous  history  of  Babylon. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  v.  chap.  20;  vi.  chaps,  n  and  13. 
Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Test.,  §§  204-6;  221—5. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  41. 
Daniel,  His  Life  and  Times,  Men  of  the  Bible. 
McCurdy,  Hist.,  Proph.  and  Mon.,  vol.  iii.,  Bk.  X. 

chaps.,  6-8;  Bk.  XL  chaps.  1-3. 
Kinns,  Graven  in  the  Rock,  chap.  xvii.  in  part. 
Fairweather,  Exile  to  Advent,  Bk.  I.,  chap.  1-3. 
Davidson,  Cambridge  Bible  on  Ezekiel. 
Sayce,  Higher  Crit.  and  Mon.,  pp.  497-524. 
Hunter,  After  the  Exile,  Part  I.,  chap.  i. 


TWELFTH    PERIOD. 

THE   RETURN.     FALL   OF    BABYLON    TO 
CLOSE  OF  OLD  TESTAMENT. 


THE  FALL  OF  BABYLON. 
B.  C.  538. 


1.  Its  prediction,  by  whom  and  when?  a.  Isaiah, 

chaps,  xiii.,  xiv;  xxi.  9,  10;  xli.  1-7,  etc.;  b. 
Jeremiah,  xxv.  12;  xxviii.  4,  n;  1.,  li; 

2.  Its  location,  size,  importance. 

3.  Kings  of   Babylon   since   Nebukadrczzar :     a. 

names;  b.  right  to  the  throne;  c.  character 
and  length  of  reign;  d.  chief  events  of  each 
reign. 

4.  Rise  of  the  Persian  and  Elamite  powers:  a.  Cy- 

rus' ancestry;  b.  his  first  conquests  in  the 
East;  c.  his  advances  to  the  North. 

5.  Cyrus'  conquests  in  the   West:  a.    extent  ;    b. 

methods;  c.  kind  of  sovereignty  established. 

6.  Cyrus*  conquests  in  the  region  of  Babylon :  a. 

reason  of  approach;  b.  policy;  c.  success. 

7.  Belshazzar*s  feast:  a.  king  at  this  time;  b.  Bel- 

shazzar's   office;  c.  kind   of  feast;  d.  doings 
of  the  banqueters;  e.  writing  on  the  wall;  /. 
probably  in  Accad ;  g.  Daniel's  prominence, 
152 


THE  RETURN.  153 

8.  Capture  of  Babylon:  a.  last  point  to  be  taken; 

b.  easy  entrance  and  capture;  c.  Daniel's  po- 
sition. 

9.  Significance  to  civilization:  a.  end  of  Semitic 

sway  and  Oriental  history;  b.  beginning  of 
classical  history;  c.  beginning  of  religious 
liberty;  d.  emancipation  of  Jewish  exiles. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  vi.  chap.  (12,  14,  15  on  the  pro- 
phets) 1 6. 

Price,  Monuments  and  O.  T.,  §§  207-15;  226-32. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  42. 
Daniel,  His  Life  and  Times,  Men  of  the  Bible. 
Ball,C.  J.,  Light,etc.,  pp.  207-10;  212-15;  217-220. 
McCurdy,   Hist,    Proph.    and  Mon.,  vol.  iii.,  Bk. 

XI.  chaps.  4—7. 
Hunter,  After  the  Exile,  Part  I. ,  chaps.  2-4. 

$75.      THE  FIRST  RETURN. 

B.   C.    536.  ^ 

2  Chron.  xxxvi.  22,23;  Ezra  i — iii;  cf.  Pss.  XCVH. 
xcix.,  cxv.,  cxxvi. 

1.  Edict  of  Cyrus:  a.  substance   of  it;  b.  motive 

in  Cyrus'  mind;  c.  Cyrus  a  monotheist  or 
polytheist?  d.  political  significance. 

2.  Assistance  given  the  pilgrims:  a.  by  command 

of  Cyrus;  b.  only  freewill  offerings;  c.  vessels 
of  the  old  temple  at  Jerusalem  —  5,400  in 
number. 


154  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

3.  Classes  of  those  who  returned:  a.  42,360  Jews; 

b.  7,337  slaves — 200   of  them  singers;  c.  of 
24  courses  of  priests,  four  returned,  consist- 
ing of  4,000  persons;  d.  74  Levites. 

NOTE — Were  there  representatives  of  all  the  tribes? 

4.  The  caravan:  a.  accompanied  by  1000  cavalry, 

according  to  tradition;  c.  four  months  on  the 
way. 

5.  Spirit  of  the  return;  cf.  Isa.  xl.,  xlviii.  20,  21; 

Dan.  ix.  20;  Ps.  cxxxvii:  a.  religious  im- 
pulse; b.  national  pride;  c.  local  attractions 
— Jtrusalem. 

6.  Possessors  of  Palestine  at  their  arrival:  a.  under 

Persian  rule:  b.  occupied  by  some  Jews;  c. 
Samaritan  peoples,  (cf.  §  65,n,Rem.) 

7.  ZerubbabeVs  leadership:    a.  ancestry;    b.  zeal; 

c.  power  as  leader;  d.  religious  character. 

8.  Steps  toward  rebuilding  the  temple:  a.  collec- 

tions; b.  arrangements  with  Tyre  for  timber; 
c.  unanimity  of  interest. 

9.  Re-institution  of  the  rites  of  worship,  Ps.  cxv. 

10.  Laying  of  the  corner-stone  of  the  second  temple, 

Ps.  Ixxxvii.,  cvi.,  cvii.,  cxviii.,  cxx-cxxxiv., 
cxxxvi:  a.  Levites'  part  in  it;  b.  joy  of  young 
men,  sorrow  of  old  men. 
Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  vi.  chap.  17. 

Fairweather,  Exile  to  Advent,  chap.  4. 

Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Test.,  §§  216-20. 

McCurdy,  Hist.,  etc.,  vol.  iii.,  Bk.  XL  chap.  8. 

Ball,  Light  from  the  East,  pp.  222-6. 

Hunter,  After  the  Exile,  Part  I.,  chaps.  5  and  6. 


THE  RETURN.  155 

§76.      BUILDING  OF  THE  SECOND  TEMPLE. 
Ezraiv — vi;  Haggai  and  Zechariah. 

1 .  Delay  of  fifteen  years,  caused  by  the  Samaritans: 

a.  ground  of  opposition;  b.  means  of  stop- 
ping the  work. 

2.  Condition  of  the  colony  at  end  of  fifteen  years: 

a.  small  crops,  frequent  droughts;  b.  living 
in  ceiled  houses,  neglectful  of  house  of  Je- 
hovah. 

3.  Haggai's  work  in  changing  the  order  of  affairs: 

a.  rebuked  the  people;  b.  encouraged  them  to 
build  the  temple;  c.  gave  promise  of  greater 
glory  here  than  in  the  first  temple;  d.  char- 
acter of  Haggai's  book. 

4.  Cyrus'  edict  renewed  by  Darius  II:  a.  letter  to 

Darius ;  b.  edict  of  Cyrus  found  in  the  records ; 
c.  re-issued  and  Jews  strengthened  by  help 
of  the  governor;  d.  time  of  this  event. 

5.  Zechariah 's  work  in  urging  on  the  building  of 

the  temple:  a.  affirms  a  new  beginning;  b. 
foretells  great  success  and  glory;  c.  does  it 
mainly  by  visions;  d.  character  of  Zechariah's 
book. 

6.  Finishing  the  second  temple:  a.  time,  Ezra  vi. 

15;  b.  joy  at  the  dedication;  c.  extensive  sac- 
rifices; d.  as  written  in  the  book  of  Moses. 

7.  Contemporaneous  Persian  history ;  538-515  B.C.: 

a.  Cyrus,  550-529;    b.  Cambyses,   529-522; 


156  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

c.  false   Smerdis,  8  or  9  months;  d.  Darius 
(II.)  Hystaspes,  521-485. 

8.     Other  contemporaneous    history:    a.   battle   of 
Marathon,  490  B.  C. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  vi.  17  in  part,  and  1 8. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  43,  second  half. 
Wright,  Zechariah  and  his  Prophecies. 
Haggai  and  Zechariah,  Cambridge  Bible. 
Farrar,  Minor  Prophets,  Men  of  the  Bible. 
Fairweather,  Exile,  etc.,  Bk.  II.  chaps,  i  and  2. 
Old  and  New  Test.  Student,  Sept.  1889. 
Hunter,  After  the  Exile,  Part  I.,  chaps.  8-n. 
Ryle,  Cambridge  Bible  on  Ezra  and  Nehemiah. 

§77.    QUEEN  ESTHER. 
Esther  i-x. 

1.  Authorship:  Give  various  views. 

2.  Time  and  place  of  composition:  a.  about  478 

B.  c.;  b.  in  Susa —  these  answers  are   only 
probable. 

3.  Persian  empire:  a.  extent;  b.  power;  c.  capital; 

d.  contemporaneous  history. 

4.  Susa:  a.  location;  b.  size;    c.  as  excavated  to- 

day. 

5.  Special  festival  in  session  :  a.  time  of  year;  b. 

guests;  c.  sumptuousness;  d.  length;  e.  ob- 
ject. 

6.  Events  leading  to  the  choice  of  Esther  as  queen:  a. 


THE  RETURN.  ,       157 

banquet  of  servants;  b.  king's  demand  of 
Vashti;  c.  her  refusal  and  deposition;  d. 
gathering  of  maidens;  e.  choice  of  Esther;  /. 
Mordecai's  scheme. 

7.  Hainan's  hatred  of  Jews  and  edict  against  them: 

a.  cause;  b.  means  of  revenge;  £.  distribution 
and  number  of  Jews  in  the  empire;  d.  effect 
of  this  edict  on  them. 

8.  Mordecai's  scheme  and  victory:  a.  Esther's  in- 

tercession; b.  Mordecai's  promotion;  c.  Ha- 
inan's death;  d.  conflict  of  the  Jews;  e.  com- 
memoration of  the  event  —  Purim. 

9.  Esther  as  a  plot  or  play. 

10.  Object  of  this  book:  a.  give  an  insight  into  the 

distribution  and  power  of  the  Jews  at  that  time; 

b.  describe  the  origin  of  the  feast  of  Purim. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  vi.  chap.  19. 
Price,  Monuments  and  Old  Test.,  §§  233-45. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  45  in  part. 
Old  and  New  Test.  Student,  Oct.  1889. 
Book  of  Esther  and  Palace  of  Ahasuerus,   Biblio- 

theca  Sacra,  Oct.  1889. 
Hunter,  After  the  Exile,  Part  I.,  chaps.  12-14. 

$78.      SECOND  RETURN. — UNDER  EZRA. 
Ezra  vii — x. 


I.    Persian  history  from  completion  of  the  second 


158  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

temple  to  Ezra,  516-458  B.  c.;  a.  Darius  II, 
521-485;  b.  Xerxes,  486-464;  c.  Artaxerxes, 

464-424- 

2.  Preliminary  preparations  for  a  journey  to  Jeru- 

salem: a.  decree  of  Artaxerxes;  b.  assem- 
bling at  the  river  Aha?va;  c.  search  for  Levites; 
d.  fast;  e.  amount  of  precious  metal;  f.  pre- 
pared for  the  journey. 

3.  Journey  and  arrival:    a.  time  on  the  way;   b. 

safety  under  way;  c.  arrival  and  rest;  d.  of- 
ferings; e.  commissions  delivered  to  Persian 
officers. 

4.  Ezra's  sorrow  and  prayer:  a.  trespass  in  case  of 

mixed  marriages;  b.  Ezra's  grief;  c.  sub- 
stance of  Ezra's  prayer. 

5.  Ezra's  victory  :  a.  assembly  of  people;  b.  oath 

to  put  away  strange  wives  and  children;  c. 
penalty  for  the  one  who  should  disregard  this; 
</.  time  needed  for  the  divorcement  cases. 

Literature: 
Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  vi.  chap.  20  in  part. 

Hunter,  After  Exile,  I.,  chs.  15,  16;  II.,  chs.  1-4. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  44  in  part. 
Rawlinson,  Ezra  and  Nehemiah,  Part  i. 

§79.      THE  THIRD   RETURN. —  NEHEMIAH. 
Nehemiah  i  —  xiii.     Other  Scripture  same  as  §78. 

I.     Nehemiah  at  Susa:  a.  his  position;  b.  relation  to 
Mordecai;    c.   influence   with  the  king;    d. 


THE  RETURN.  159 

means  of  bringing  about  his  permission  to 
go  to  Jerusalem. 

2.  Return  and  attendants:  a.  accompanied  by  cav- 

alry; b.  brought  letters  to  governors  in  the 
west;  c.  enemies  of  Israel  grieved. 

3.  Walls  of  Jerusalem:  a.  explored  by  night;  b. 

scorn  of  Sanballat  and  company;  c.  orderly 
building  of  the  walls  and  gates;  d.  completed 
in  fifty-two  days;  e.  dedication,  chap.  xii. 
27  sq. 

4.  Opposition  of  Sanballat  and  company:  a.  men 

of  Israel  watch  and  pray;  b.  half-armed  for 
work,  half  for  fight;  c.  builders  armed  for 
defense;  d.  people  relieved  for  work  by  abol- 
ishing usury  and  restoring  mortgaged  prop- 
erty. 

5.  Sanballat1  s  provocation:  a.  challenge  to  Nehe- 

miah;  b.  the  latter's  wise  retort;  c.  attempted 
intimidation  of  Nehemiah;  d.  challenge  to 
meet  in  the  temple. 

6.  Reforms  of  Ezra  and  Nehemiah:    a.   regular 

reading  of  the  law  of  Moses;  b.  dwelling  in 
booths  at  the  great  feasts;  c.  observance  of 
the  Sabbath;  d.  regular  service  of  the  temple 

7.  Prayer  of  praise,  chap.  9:  analyze  it. 

8.  Nehemiah's  return  to  Susa,  and  second  journey 

to  Jerusalem:  tf.Tobiah's  offence;  #.  appoint 
ment  of  new  officers;  c.  Sabbath  breaking; 
d.  mixed  marriages. 


160  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

9.     Other  work  of  Ezra  and  Nehemiah:  a.  collect- 
ing   sacred    books;    b.   interpreting    sacred 
books;  c.  teaching  students  of  the  law;  d. 
originating  synagogue  worship. 
NOTE. — Idolatry  not  discoverable  after  the  exile. 

Literature: 

Geikie,  Hours,  vol.  vLchap.  20. 
Hunter,  After  the  Exile,  Part  II.,  chaps  5-16. 
Stanley,  Jewish  Church,  Lee.  44. 
Rawlinson,  Ezra  and  Nehemiah,  Part  ii. 
Ryle,  Cambridge  Bible  on  Ezra  and  Neh. 
Fairweather,  Exile,  etc. ,  Bk.  II. ,  chaps.  3  and  4. 

$80.      GENERAL  REVIEW. 

1.  Describe  the  Old  Testament  world. 

2.  Describe  Palestine  in  detail. 

3.  Give  the  kinds  of  Literature,  the  Books,  and 

the  number  of  chapters  in  each  book,  in  the 
Old  Testament. 

4.  Give  the  twelve  periods  of  Old  Testament  His- 

tory, with  their  dates. 

5.  Give  the  sections  in  the  first  two  periods — the 

introduction  to  the  history  of  Israel. 

6.  Give  the  sections  in  the  next  three  periods  — 

finishing  the  Pentateuch. 


REVIEW.  161 

?.     Give  the  sections  in  the  periods  of  the  Conquest 
and  Judges. 

8.  Give  the  sections  in  the  period  of  the  Kingdom. 

9.  Give  the  sections  in  the  Dual  Kingdom  period. 

10.  Give  the  sections  in  the  period  of  Judah  Alone. 

11.  Give  the  sections  in  the  last  two  periods  of  Old 

Testament  History. 

12.  Try  to  think  through  each  period,  naming  to 

yourself  each  section  from  beginning  to  end. 


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THE  DYNASTIES  OF  ISRAEL. 


SECTION  VI.  — THE  DYNASTIES  OF  ISRAEL. 


Dynasties. 

KINGS. 

Prophets. 

Contemporaneous 
Kings  of  Judah. 

~l 

i.  Jeroboam  (22).  * 
2.  Nadab(2). 

Ahijah. 
Iddo. 

Rehoboum  Abijah. 

Asa. 

M 

Second  J 

3.  Baasha  (24). 
4.  EIah(2). 

Jehu. 

• 
•l 

Third. 

5.  Zimri  (7  days). 

W 

6.  Omri  (12). 

«• 

Fourth.  - 

7.  Ahab  (22). 
8.  Ahaziah  (2). 

Elijah,  Mi- 
caiah. 
Elisha. 

Jehoshaphat 
<« 

9.  Jehoram  (12). 

M     Jehoram,  Aha* 
lah? 

10.  Jehu  (28). 

Joash. 

ii.  Jehoahaz  (17). 

44 

Fifth.      - 

12.  Joash  (16). 

Jonah. 

"       Amatlab, 

13.  Jeroboam  II  (41). 
14.  Zachariah  (6  mo.). 

Hosea. 
Amos. 

Amaziah. 
Uzriah. 

Sixth. 

15.  Shallum  (i  mo.). 

i« 

Seventh-! 

16.  Menahem  (10). 
17.  Pekahiah  (2). 

M 
M 

Eighth. 

18.  Pekah  (20). 

Oded. 

••      Jothan,AhM. 

Ninth. 

x9.  Hoshea  (9). 

Ahaz.  Hczeklah, 

*  Years  of  reign. 


171 


OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 


SECTION  V.  — THE  KINGS  OF  JUDAH. 


Old  Date. 

KINGS. 

Prophets. 

Contemporaneous 
Kings  of  Israel. 

931 

z.  Rehoboam  (17). 

Shemaiah, 
Iddo. 

Jeroboam. 

914 

a.  Abijam  (3). 

tt 

911 

3.  Asa(4«). 

Azariah, 
Hanani, 

"       Nadab,  Baasha, 

Elah,  Zimri,  Omri,  Ahab. 

Jehu. 

871 

4.  Jehoshaphat  (25) 

Jehu.Jahaz- 

Ahab,  Ahaziah,  Jehoram. 

iel,     Elie- 

zer. 

849 

5.  Jehoram  (8). 

Jehoram. 

842 

6.  Ahaziah  (i). 

i« 

842 

(o)  Athaliah  (6). 

Obadiah. 

Jehu. 

836 

7.  Joash  (40). 

Joel,  Zech- 
ariah. 

•*  Jehoahaz,  Joash. 

799 

8.  Amaziah  (39). 

Joash,  Jeroboam  II. 

786 

9.  Uzziah  (52). 

Zechariah, 

Jeroboam     II,   Zachariah, 
Shallum,  Menahcm,  Pe- 

749 

10.  Jotham  (16). 

Isaiah, 

kahiah,  Pekah, 
Pekah. 

Micah. 

742 

ix.  Ahaz  (16). 

"        Hoshea. 

728 

12.  Hezekiah  (29). 

Hoshea. 

698 

13.  Manasseh  (55). 

642 

14.  Amon  (2). 

Nahum. 

640 

15.  Josiah  (31). 

Jeremiah. 

Zephaniah 

608 

16.  Jehoahaz  (3  mo.). 

608 

17.  Jehoialdm  (xx). 

Habakkuk. 

597 

1  8.  Jehoiachin  (3  mo.). 

596 

19.  Zedekiah  (xx). 

586 

FALL  OF  JERUSALEM. 

172 


LIST  OF  LITERATURE 

REFERRED   TO  IN  THIS  SYLLABUS. 


American  Standard  Revised  Bible.    New  York,  1900. 

Ball,  C.  J.,  Light  from  the  East.     London,  1899. 

Prophecies  of  Jeremiah,  Expos.  Bible.   N.tY.    1890. 

Bartlett,  S.  C.,  Forty  Days  in  the  Desert.     London,  no  date 

Bennett,  R.,  Diseases  of  the  Bible.     2d  ed.  London,  1891. 

Besant  and  Palmer,  Jerusalem,  the  City  of  Herod  and  Saladin. 
New  edition,  London,  1889. 

Bible  Atlas.     New  ed.,  Religious  Tract  Society,  London,  1890. 

Bibliotheca  Sacra.  "Andover  and  Oberlin,  1844 — 

Bissell,  E.  C.,  Biblical  Antiquities.     Am.  S.  S.  Union,  1888. 

Blaikie,  W.  G.,  i  and  2  Samuel,  Epos.  Bible.    N.  Y.,  1888. 

Boardman,  G.  D.,  The  Ten  Commandments.     Phila.,  1889. 

Briggs,  C.  A.,  Messianic  Prophecy.     New  York,  1886. 

Brugsch,  H.,  The  Route  of  the  Exodus.     Boston,  1880. 

Budge,  E.  A.  W.,  Dwellers  on  the  Nile,    sd  ed.  London,  1891. 

By-Paths  of  Bible  Knowledge.  Fleming  H.  Revell  Company, 
Chicago,  New  York  and  Toronto.  See  Hart, 
Groser,  and  Sayce,  Bennett,  Drysdale. 

Cave,  Alf.,  Inspiration  of  the  Old  Testament.    London,  1888. 
Cheyne,  T.  K.,  Jeremiah,  Men  of  the  Bible.     New  York,  1889. 
Coleman,  Lyman,  An  Historical  Atlas  and  Text-Book  of  Bibli- 
cal Geography.     Philadelphia,  1877. 
Conder,  C.  R.,  Map  of  Palestine  in  26  sheets.      London,  1880. 

Palestine.     New  York,  1890. 

Tent- Work  in  Palestine.    London,  1889. 

Davidson,  A.  B.,  Ezekiel,  Camb.  Bible.     Cambridge,  1893. 
Davis,  J.  D.,  Genesis  and  Semitic  Tradition.     N.  Y.,  1894. 

A  Dictionary  of  the  Bible.     Philadelphia,  1898. 

Dawson,  J.  W.,  Modern  Science'in  Bible  Lands.     N.  Y.,  1889. 
Dawson,  J.  W.,  Egypt  and  Syria.     3d  ed.  London,  1892. 

—The  Origin  of  the  World.     3d  ed.   N.  Y.,  1884. 
Dana,  J.  D.,  Bibliotheca  Sacra,  vols.  xiii,  xiv  and  xlii. 
Deane,  H.,  Daniel,  Men  of  the  Bible.    New  York,  1889. 

173 


174  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Deane,  W.  J.,  Abraham,  Men  of  the  Bible.    New  York,  1886. 

Samuel  and  Saul,  Men  of. .the  Bible.    N.  Y.,  1889. 

David,  Men  of  the  Bible.    New  York,  1889. 

Joshua,  Men  of  the  Bible.     New  York,  1890. 

Delitzsch,  Fred.,  Wo  lag  das  Paradies?    Leipzig,  1881. 
Delitzsch,  Frz.,  O.  T.  History  of  Redemption.     Leipzig,  1881. 
Denio,  F.  B.,  in  Old  and  New  Testament  Student,  May,  1890. 
Drake,  C.  F.  T.,  Modern  Jerusalem.    London,  1877. 
Driver,  S.  R.,  Isaiah,  Men  of  the  Bible.    New  York,  1888. 
Drysdale,  A.  H. ,  Early  Bible  Songs.    Relig.  Tract  Soc.    Lon- 
don, 1891. 

Edersheim,  A.,  Bible  History,  7  vols.    London,  no  date. 

Prophecy  and  History  in  Relation  to  the  Messiah. 

1885. 

Edersneim,  E.  W. ,  Rites  and  Worship  of  the  Jews.  London,  1890. 
Edersheim,  The  Temple,  its  Ministry  and  Services.  Boston,  1881. 

The  Laws  and  Polity  of  the  Jews. 

Ebers,  Georg,  Uarda.    New  York,  1881. 

Joshua,  a  Biblical  Picture.    N.  Y.,  1890. 

Expositors^  Bible  Series;  see  Blaikie,  Smith,  G.  A.,  Watson. 

Fairweather,  Wm.,  From  the  Exile  to  the  Advent.    Edinburgh, 

1895. 
Farrar,  F.  W.,  Minor  Prophets,  Men  of  the  Bible.    New  York, 

1890. 

Solomon,  Men  of  the  Bible.    New  York,  1889. 

Fergusson,  J. ,  Ancient  Topography  of  Jerusalem.  London,  1 847. 
Field,  H.  M.,  Among  the  Holy  Hills.    N.  Y.,  1888. 
On  the  Desert.    N.  Y.,  1887. 

Gardner,  F.,  O.  and  N.  Test.,  in   their   Mutual  Relations. 

N.  Y.,  1887. 
Geikie,  C.,  Hours  with  the  Bible,  6  vols.    New  ed.  N.  Y.,  1893. 

Old  Testament  Characters.     New  York,  1885. 

Green,  W.  H.,  The  Hebrew  Feasts.    New  York,  1885. 
Groser,  W.  H.,  Trees  and  Plants  of  the  Bible,  Religious  Tract 

Society,  London,  1888. 


-AUTHORITIES   REFERRED  TO.  175 

Grove,  Geo.,  Bible  Atlas.     London,  1868. 
Guyot,  A.,  Creation.     New  York,  1884. 

Harper,  H.  A.,  Bible  and  Modern  Discoveries.     London,  4th 

ed.,  1891. 
Hart,  H.  C.,  Animals  of  the  Bible.     Religious  Tract  Soc., 

London,  1888. 
Hastings,  Jas.,  A  Dictionary  of  the  Bible,  4  vols,     Edinburgh 

and  New  York,  1898 — 1902. 
Hengstenberg,  E.  W.,  on  Balaam  in  Commentary  on  Daniel. 

Edinburgh,  1848. 

Genuineness  of  the  Pentateuch,  vol.  ii. 

Howorth,  The  Mammoth  and  the  Flood.     London,  1887. 
Hudleston,  W.  H.,  The  Geology  of  ^Palestine.     London. 
Hull,  E.,  Survey  Memoir  on  Geology.     London,  1889. 
Humphrey,  E.  P.,  Sacred  History  to  Giving  the  Law.     N.  Y., 

1888. 

Hunter,  P.  H.,  After  the  Exile,  2  Parts.     London,  1890. 
Hurlbut,  J.  L.,  Manual  of  Bib.  Geography.     Chicago,  1887. 
Solomon's  Temple,  O.  T.  Student,  Dec.,  1887. 

Johnson,  T.  R.,  Biblical  Wall  Atlas.     Chicago  and  N.  Y.,  1889. 
Josephus,  Antiquities  of  the  Jews. 

Kellogg,  S.  H.,  Leviticus,  Epos.  Bible.     New  York,  1891. 
Kennedy,  J.  F.,  Countries  and  Places  Mentioned  in  Bible  His- 
tory.    American  S.  S.  Union,  no  date. 
Kinns,  S.,  Graven  in  the  Rock.     London,  1891. 
Krummacher,  F.  W.,  David,  King  of  Israel.     Edin.,  1867. 

Labberton,  R.  H.,  New  Historical  Atlas.     N.  Y.,  1886. 

Lang,  J.  M.,  Gideon  and  the  Judges,  Men  of  Bible.  N.  Y.,  1891. 

Lenormant,  F.,  Langue  primitive  de  la  Chaldee.     Paris,  1875. 

Lenormant,  F.,  Beginnings  of  History.    New  York,  1886. 

Loftus,  W.K.,  Researches  in  Chaldseaand  Susiana.  N.  Y.,  1857. 

Lynch,  W.  F.,  Expedition  to  the  Jordan  and  Dead  Sea.  Phila- 
delphia, 1849. 

MacCoun,  Townsend,  Holy  Land  in  Geog.  and  History,  2  vols. 
Chicago,  1897. 


176  OLD  TESTAMENT   HISTORY. 

McCurdy,  J.  F. ,  History,  Prophecy  and  the  Monuments,  3  vols. 

New  York,  1894-1900 

Macduff,  Tales  of  the  Warrior  King.     1896. 
MacLaren,  Alex.,  Life  of  David  as  Reflected  in  the  Psalms. 

London,  1888. 
MacGregor,  J.,  The  Rob  Roy  on  the  Jordan,  Nile  and  Red  Sea. 

New  York,  1870. 
Men  of  the  Bible  Series;  see  Cheyne,  Deane,  H.,IDeane,  W.  J., 

Driver,  Farrar,  Milligan,  Rawlinson,  Lang. 
Merrill,  S.,  East  of  the  Jordan.     New  York,  1883. 
Meyer,  F.  B.,  Israel,  a  Prince  with  God.     Chicago,  1890. 
Abraham;  or  the  Obedience  of  Faith.     Chicago, 

1890. 
Elijah  and  the  Secret  of  his  Power.    Chicago,  no 

date. 

Milligan,  W.,  Elijah,  Men  of  the  Bible.     New  York,  1889. 
Milton,  John,  Paradise  Lost. 

Samson  Agonistes. 

Mozley,  J.  B.,  Lectures  on  the  Old  Testament.     London,  1884. 
Naville,  E.,  The    Store-City  of    Pithom.      Eg.  Expl.   Fund. 

London,  1883. 
Northrup,  G.  W.,  on  Extermination  of  the  Canaanites,  in  "The 

Standard,"  April  21,  1881. 

Oehler,  G.,  O.  T.  Theology,  Day's  Translation.     N.  Y.,  1883. 
Old  Testament  Student.     1881-92. 

Orelli,  C.  von,  Old  Testament  Prophecy.     Edinburgh,  1885 
Osborn,  H.  S.,  Wall  Map  of  Palestine.     Oxford,  O. 

-Biblical  History  and  Geography,  Am.  T  Soc.,  1890. 

Plants  of  the  Bible.     Philadelphia,  1865. 

Paine,  Solomon's  Temple.     Boston,  1861. 
Palmer,  E.  H.,  On  the  Desert  of  the  Tih.     London,  1870. 
Palmer,  H.  S.,  Sinai  from  Fourth  Eg.  Dy.     London,  1878. 
Palmer,  E.  H.,  The  Desert  of  the  Exodus,  2  vols.     Cambridge, 

1871. 

Perowne,  T.  T.,  Haggai  and  Zechariah,  Camb.  Bible.     1886. 
Perrot  and  Chipiez,  Le  Temple  Jerus.  restitutes.     Paris,  1889. 


AUTHORITIES  REFERRED  TO.  177 

Porter,  J.  L.,  Giant  Cities  of  Bashan.     New  York,  1866. 
Price,  Ira  M.,  The  Monuments  and  the  Old  Testament     3d 

ed.  Chicago,  1903. 
"Schools  of  the  Sons  of  the  Prophets,"  in  Old  Test. 

Student,  March,  1889. 
:"Lost  Writings  in  Old  Testament,"  in  Bibliotheca 

Sacra,  April,  1889. 
• Syllabus  of  the  Minor  Prophets.    Saylor  Springs, 

111.,  1890. 

Quarterly  Statement  of  the  Pal.  Expl.  Fund.    London,  1873 — 

Rawlirison,  G.,  The  Five  Great  Monarchies  of  the  Ancient 
Eastern  World,  3  vols.  London,  1879. 

Isaac  and  Jacob.     N.  Y.,  1890. 

Moses,  Men  of  the  Bible.    New  York,  1888. 

Kings  of  Israel  and  Judah,  Men  of  the  Bible.  New 

York,  1889. 

Ezra  and  Nehemiah,  Men  of  Bible.    N.  Y.,  1890. 

Records  of  the  Past,  2d  series.     London,  1888 — 92. 

Ritter,  C.,  Geography  of  Palestine,  4  vols.    N.  Y.,  1868. 

Robinson,  Edw.,  Biblical  Researches  in  Palestine.  Boston, 
1857. 

Physical  Geography  of  Palestine.     Boston,  1865. 

Ryle,  H.  E.,  The  Early  Narratives  of  Genesis.     N.  Y.,  1892. 

Ryle,  H.  E.,  Ezra  and  Nehemiah,  Camb.  Bible.     1893. 

Sayce,  A.  H.,  Fresh  Light  from  Anc.  Mon.    London,  1885. 

The  Times  of  Isaiah.     London,  1889. 

The  Races  of  the  Old  Testament.    London,  1891. 

The  Higher   Criticism    and  the  Verdict  of   the 

Monuments.    London,  1894. 

Patriarchal  Palestine.     New  York,  1895. 

The  Egypt  of  the  Hebrews.    New  York,  1895. 

Early  Israel  and  the  Surrounding  Nations.    N.  Y. , 

1899. 
Schrader,  E.,  Cuneiform  Inscriptions  and  the  Old  Testament, 

Trans,  by  0.  C.  Whitehouse,  2  vols.     London, 

1885—88 


1*8  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Schumacher,  G.,  Across  the  Jordan.    London,  1887. 
Sinker,  R.,  Hezekiah  and  his  Age.     London,  1887. 
Smith,  G.  A.,  Historical  Geog.  of  the  Holy  Land.    N.  Y.,  1895. 
Smith,  Geo.,  Chaldean  Account  of  Genesis.    London  and  New 

York,  1880. 

Smith,  W.,  Old  Testament  History.    New  York,  1881. 
Stanley,  A.  P.,  Hist,  of  the  Jew.  Church,  3  vols.    N.  Y.,  1884. 

Sinai  and  Palestine.    New  York,  1885. 

St.  Clair,  G.,  Buried  Cities  and  Bible  Countries.    N.  Y.,  1891. 
Stewart,  R.  L.,  The  Land  of  Israel.    Chicago,  1899. 
Store-City  of  Pithom.     Egypt  Exploration  Fund.     1883. 
Survey  of  Western  Palestine.    Palestine  Expl.  Fund,  London, 

1 881—88. 

Taylor,  W.  M.,  David,  King  of  Israel.    New  York,  1883. 
Thomson,  Wm.,  The  Land  and  the  Book,  3  vols.    New  edition. 

New  York,  1886. 

Tomkins,  H.  G.,  Abraham  and  his  Age.     London,  1897. 
Tomkins,  H.  G.,  Times  of  Joseph.    London,  1891. 
Transactions  of  the  Society  of  Biblical  Archaeology.    London, 

1871-86. 
Tristram,  H.  B.,  The  Land  of  Moab.    New  York,  1873. 

The  Land  of  Israel.    New  York,  1886. 

Natural  History  of  the  Bible.    New  York,  1867. 

Fauna  and  Flora  of  Palestine.    London,  1888. 

Palestine  in  its  Physical  Aspects. 

Trumbull,  H.  C.,  Kadesh  Barnea.    New  York,  1884. 

Van  de  Velde,  C.  W.  M.,  Map  of  the  Holy  Land  in  eight 
sheets.    2d  edition,  London,  1865. 

Watson,  R.  A.,  Judges  and  Ruth,  Expos.  Bible.    N.  Y.,  1890. 
Whitney,  G.  H.,  Hand-book  of  Bible  Geog.    N.  Y.,  1890. 
Wilberforce,  S.,  Heroes  of  Hebrew  History.    N.  Y.,  1871. 
Wilson,  E.  L.f  In  Scripture  Lands.    New  York,  1890. 
Wilson,  John,  The  Lands  of  the  Bible,  2  vols.    Edinb.,  1847. 
Wilson  &  Warren,  The  Recovery  of  Jerusalem.    N.  Y.,  1871. 
Wood,  J.  G.,  Bible  Animals.    New  York,  1872. 
Wright,  C.  H.  H.,  Zechariah  and  his  Prophecies.    1879. 


LITERATURE  FOR  FURTHER  STUDY.        179 


LITERATURE  FOR  FURTHER  STUDY. 


HISTORY    OF    ISRAEL. 

Cornill,  C.  H.,    History  of  the  People  of    Israel.     Chicago, 

1898. 
Ewald,  H.,  The  History  of  Israel.    Trans,  from  German,  7 

vols.     London,  1871. 

Guthe,  H.,  Geschichte  des  Volkes  Israel.      Freib.,i.  B.  1899. 
Kittel,  R.,  History  of  the  Hebrews.    Trans,  from  German,  2 

vols.     London,  1895-96. 

Klostermann,  A.,  Geschichte  des  Volkes  Israel.  Munich,  1896. 
Kohler,  A.,  Bibl.     Geschichte  Alten    Testaments.      Erlan- 

gen,  1875-93. 

Piepenbring,  C.,  Histoire  du  peuple  d' Israel.    Strassb.,  1898. 
Renan,  E.,   History  of   the  People  of  Israel.     Trans,   from 

French,  3  vols.     Boston,  1888-91. 
Stade,   B.,    Geschichte  des  Volkes   Israel,    2  vols.     Berlin, 

1881-86, 
Wellhausen,  J.,  The  History  of  Israel.     Trans,  from  German. 

Edinburgh,  1885. 
— Sketch  of  the  History  ot  Israel  and  Judah.    3d 

ed.  London,  1891. 

CONTEMPORANEOUS    HISTORY. 

Meyer,  Ed.,  Geschichte  des  Alterthums.    Bd.  I.    Stutt.,  1884. 

Driver,  S.  R.,  in  Hogarth's  "Authority  and  Archaeology," 
pp.  1-152.  London,  1899. 

Hommel,  F.,  Geschichte  Babyloniens  und  Assyriens.  Ber- 
lin, 1885-88. 

Tiele,  C.  P.,  Babylonisch-Assyrische  Geschichte.  Gotha, 
1886-88. 

Winckler,  H.,  Geschichte  Babyloniens  und  Assyriens.  Leip- 
zig, 1892. 

Vigouroux,  F.,  La  Bible  et  les  Decouvertes  modernes  en 
Palestine,  en  Egypteet  en  Assyrie.  5  ed.  4  Tom. 
^aris,  1889. 


180  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Wiedemann.  A.,  Geschichte  von  Altaegypten.     1891. 
Petrie,  Fl.,  History  of  Egypt,  vols.  i  and  2.     London,  1894-96. 
Niebuhr,  C.,  Geschichte  d.  Ebraischen  Zeitalters.     1894. 

FIRST    PERIOD  —  ANTEDILUVIAN. 


Budde,  K.,  Die  Biblische  Urgeschichte  [Gsn.  i.-xii.  3]  unter- 

sucht.     Giessen,  1883. 
Delitzsch,  Frd.,     Das     Babylonische    Weltschopfungsepos. 

Leipzig,  1896. 
Gunkel,  H.,   Schopfung  und  Chaos  in  Urzeit  und  Endzeit. 

Gottingen,  1895. 
Jensen,   P.,    Die   Kosmologie   der   Babylonier.     Strassburg, 

1890.     pp.  263-364. 
Jastrow,  M.  Jr.,  Religion  of  Babylonia  and  Assyria.     Boston, 

1898.     Chap.  21. 
Maspero,    G.,    The    Dawn    of   Civilization.     London,    1894. 

Chap.  7  in  part. 
Boscawen,  W.  St.  C/,  The  Bible  and  the  Monuments.     Lon- 

don, 1895.     Chaps.  2-4. 
Sayce,  A.  H.,  in  Records  of  the  Past,  2d  series,  vol.  i.     Lon- 

don, 1888.     pp.  122-53. 
---  Origin    and    Growth   of     Babylonian    Religion. 

London,  1887.     Chap.  6. 

SECOND   PERIOD  —  POST-DILUVIAN. 
§§  19-22. 

Andree,  Die  Flutsagen,  ethnographisch  betrachtet.     Braun- 

schweig, 1891. 
Prestwich,  J.,  On  Certain  Phenomena  belonging  to  the  close 

of  the  last  Geological  Period,  and  on  their  bear- 

ing upon  the  Tradition  of  the  Flood.     London, 

1895. 

Usener,  H,,  Die  Sintfluthsagen.     Bonn,  1899. 
Jensen,  P.,  Die  Kosmologie  der  Babylonier,  pp.  367-446. 
Jeremias,  A.,  Izdubar-Nimrod.     Leipzig,  1891. 


LITERATURE  FOR  FURTHER  STUDY.        18] 

Sauveplane,    Une  Epopee   Babylonienne,  Istubar-Gilgames. 

1894. 

Boscawen,  The  Bible  and  the  Monuments.    Chaps.  5,  6. 
Ebers,  G.,  ^Egyptenund  die  Biicher  Mose's.     Leipzig,  1868, 

pp.  36-252. 
Petrie,  Fl. ,  Racial  Types  from  the  Egyptian  Monuments. 

THIRD    PERIOD — PATRIARCHAL. 
§§  23-27. 

Ebers,  G.,  ^Egypten  und  die  Biicher  Mose's,  pp.  253-360. 

Durch  Gosen  zum  Sinai.     2d  ed.  Leipzig,  1881. 

Hommel,  Fr.,  The   Ancient  Hebrew  Tradition.     New  York, 

1897.     Chaps.  3-6. 
Sayce,  Early  Hist,  of  the  Hebrews.     N.   Y.,  1897.     Chaps. 

i  and  2. 

FOURTH    PERIOD — EGYPTIAN. 

§§  28-29. 

Brugsch,  H.,  History  of  Egypt  under  the  Pharaohs.     2d  ed. 
New  York,  1891. 

Meyer,  Ed.,  Geschichte  d.  Alten  /Egypteus.     1887. 

Petrie,  Fl.,  Tanis,   Part  I,  2d  ed.     London,   1888;  Part  II, 
1888. 

Naville,  Ed.,  Goshen,    and  the   Shrine  of    Saft-el-Henneh. 
2d  ed.  London,  1888. 

The  City  of  Onias,  and  the  Mound  of  the  Jew. 

London,  1890. 

Bubastis.     London,  1890. 

An  Atlas  of  Ancient  Egypt.  Eg.  Expl.  Fund.     London,  1894. 

Erman,  A.,  Life  in  Ancient  Egypt.     London  and  N.  Y.,  1894. 

Brugsch,  H.,  Die  Biblischen  sieben  Jahre  der  Hungersnoth. 
Leipzig,  1891. 

Winckler,  H.,  The  Tell-el-Amarna  Letters.     N.  Y.,  1896. 

The  Tell-el-Amarna  Tablets  in  the  British  Museum.     Lon- 
don, 1892. 

Hommel,  The  Ancient  Hebrew  Tradition.     Chaps.  7,  8. 


182  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Miiller,  W.  M.,  Asien  und  Europa  nach  altaegyptischen  Denk- 

malern.     1893. 
Petrie,  Fl.,  Syria  and  Egypt  in  the  Tell-el-Amarna  Letters. 

1898. 
Maspero,  G.,  Struggle  of  the  Nations.  N.  Y.,  1897.  Chaps.i-3. 

FIFTH   PERIOD — WANDERINGS. 
§§30-36. 

Ebers,  G.,  Durch  Gosen  zum  Sinai,     ad  ed.  Leipzig,  1881. 

Sayce,  Early  Hist,  of  Hebrews.     Chap.  3. 

Lepsius,  K. ,  Tour  from  Thebes  to  the  Peninsula  of  Sinai  in 

1845.     London,  1846. 

Gamurrini,  Peregrinatio  Sylviae.     Rome,  1887. 
Hull,  E.,  Memoir  on  the  Geology  of  Arabia  Petraea.     1886. 
Buhl,  F.,  Geschichte  der  Edomiter.     1893. 
Hommel,  The  Anc.  Heb.  Tradition.     Chap.  9. 
Maspero,  Struggle  of  the  Nations.    Chap.  4. 

SIXTH   PERIOD — CONQUEST. 

§§  37-42. 

Pietschmann,  Geschichte  der  Phonizier.     Berlin,  1889. 
Rawlinson,  G.,  History  of  Phoenicia.     London,  1889. 
Buhl,  F.,  Geschichte  d.  alten  Palastina.     1896. 
On  Tel  el-Amarna  Letters,  see  FOURTH  PERIOD. 
Sayce,  Patriarchal  Palestine,  chaps.  5,  6. 

Early  Hist,  of  Hebrews.     Chap.  4. 

Maspero,  Struggle  of  the  Nations.     Chap.  7,  pp.  673-82. 

SEVENTH   PERIOD — JUDGES. 
§§  43-49- 

Sayce,  Early  Hist,  of  the  Hebrews.     Chap.  5. 

On  the  Chronology  of  Judges,  see  Noldeke,  Untersuchungen 

zum  Kritik  d.  Alt.  Test.     1869.     pp.  178-98. 
Kohler,  Biblische  Geschichte,  vol  ii.  i.     pp.  35-51. 
Art.  "Judges  "  in  Hastings'  Diet,  of  the  Bible. 
Budde,  K.,  Die  Biicher  Richter  u.  Samuel.     1890. 
Maspero,  Struggle  of  the  Nations,     pp.  682-707. 


LITERATURE  FOR  FURTHER  STUDY.        183 

EIGHTH    PERIOD — KINGDOM. 
§§  50-56. 

Sayce,  Early  Hist,  of  Hebrews,  chap.  6. 
Cheyne,  T.  K.,  Devout  Study  of  Criticism.     London,  1892. 
Art.  "  David"  in  Hastings,  Diet,  of  the  Bible. 
Kamphausen,  A.,   "  Philister  u.  Hebraer  zur  Zeit  Davids," 

in  Zeit.  A.  T.  Wissenschaft,  1886.     pp.  43-97. 
Maspero,  Struggle  of  the  Nations,     pp.  707-750. 
"Survey  of   David's  Outlaw   Life,"   in  Survey  of  W.  Pal. 

Special  papers,     p.  208  ff. 
Kent,  C.  F.,  History  of  the   Hebrew   People.     N,  Y.,  1896. 

vol.  i. 

NINTH   PERIOD — DUAL   KINGDOM. 
§§  57-64. 

Maspero,  Struggle  of  the  Nations,     pp.  751-88. 

Passing  of  the  Empires.     Chaps.  1-2  (pp.  1-218). 

Kamphausen,  A.,  Die  Chronologic  der  Hebr.  Konige.    Bonn, 

1883. 
Art.   "Chronology  of   the  O.  T."   in  Hastings,  Diet,  of  the 

Bible. 

Smith,  W.  R.,  The  Prophets  of  Israel.     New  York,  1892. 
Smith,  G.  A.,  Isaiah,  1-39  (Expos.  Bible).     1888. 
Skinner,  J.,  Isaiah  (Camb.  Bible),  1-39.     1896. 
Kirkpatrick,  A.  F.,   The  Doctrine  of   the  Prophets.     1892. 

Lees.  1-7. 
Kent,  C.  F.,  History  of  Hebrew  People,  vol.  ii.     Parts  I  and 

II. 

TENTH  PERIOD — JUDAH  ALONE. 
§§  65-70. 

Maspero,  Passing  of  the  Empires,  chaps.  3-5  (pp.  221-568). 

Kirkpatrick,  Doctrine  of  the  Prophets.     Lees.  8-n. 

Kent.,  C.  F.,  History  of  the  Heb.  People.     Parts  III  and  IV. 


184  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

ELEVENTH    PERIOD — EXILE. 
§§  71-73- 

Maspero,  Passing  of  the  Empires,  chap.  6.     pp.  571-633. 
Kirkpatrick,  Doctrine  of  the  Prophets.     Lees.  12,  13. 
Records  of  The  Past.     New  series,  Vol.  5.     pp.  143-75. 
Floigl,  Cyrus  and  Herodot.     1881. 
Winckler,  H.,  Untersuch'g  zur  altorient.     Gesch.  vol.  i.    pp. 

109-32. 
Tiele  C.  P.,  "  Cyrus  de  Groote  en  de  godsdienst  van  Babel " 

in  Melanges  Charles  de  Harlez.     1896. 
Meyer,  Ed.,  Entstehung des  Judenthums.     1896. 
Kent,   C.  F.,   History  of    the  Jewish   People.     N.  Y.,  1899. 

Part  I. 

TWELFTH    PERIOD — RETURN. 

§§  74-79- 

Maspero,  Passing  of  the  Empires,  chap.  6.     pp.  634-96. 
Kirkpatrick,  Doctrine  of  the  Prophets.     Lees.  14-17. 
Meyer,  Ed.,  Entstehung  des  Judenthums.     1896. 
Kent.,  C.  F.,  Hist,  of  Jew.  People.     Part  II. 
Sellin,  E.,  Serubbabel.     1898. 
Cheyne,  T.  K.,  Jewish  Religious  Life  after  the  Exile.     1898. 

SUPPLEMENTARY    LIST. 

Rogers,  R.  W.,  A  History  of  Babylonia  and  Assyria.  2  vols. 
N.  Y.,  1901. 

Paton,  The  Early  History  of  Syria  and  Palestine.     N.Y.,  1901. 

Harper,  R.  F.,  Assyrian  and  Babylonian  Literature  (transla- 
tions). N.  Y.,  1901. 

Ottley,  R.  L.,  A  Short  History  of  the  Hebrews.    N.  Y.,  1901. 

Goodspeed,  G.  S.,  A  History  of  the  Babylonians  and  Assyrians. 
N.  Y.,  1902. 

Hilprecht,  H.  V.,  Exploration  in  Bible  Lands  during  the  igtb 
Century.  Phila.  1903. 

Pinches,  The  Old  Testament  in  the  Light  of  the  Historical  Rec- 
ords of  Assyria  and  Babylonia.  London,  1903. 


GENERAL   INDEX. 

PROPER    NAMES    AND    TOPICS 


Numbers  refer  to  pages 


MOSES,  49-59 
Abdon,  twelfth  judge,  76 
Abel,  first  martyr,  30;  city  of,  95 
Abiathar,  priest,  96 
Abigail,  wife  of  Nabal,  89 
Abijah,  son  of  [eroboam  I,  104 
Abijam,  king  of  Judah,  104-5 
Abimelech  and  Abraham,  42 
Abimelech,  son  of  Gideon.  74-5 
Abiram  and  Dathan,  58 
Abishat,  brother  of  Joab,  94 
Abn*;r,  captaip,  91 
Abraham's  career,  40-43 
Absalom,  son  of  David,  94 
Achan, 64 

Achish,  king  hr  PfiiTistia  89 
Adam  and  Eve,  27 
Adoni-bezek,  70 
Adonijah  son  of  David  95 
AdulUm,  cave  of,  87 
Agag,  king  of  Amalek.  85 
Age  of  the  world,  24 
Ahab,  king  of  Israel,  109-10;   145 
Ahava,  river,  158 

Ahaz,  king  of  Judah,  102,  127-8,  135;  al 
tars  of,  removed,  138 
Ahaziah,  king  of  Judah.  up 
Ahaziah,   son  of  Ahab,  king  of  Israel 

•  no,  1 16 

Ahijah.  the  Shilonite,  92,  103 
Ahithophel,  counsellor,  94 
Ai,  city  of,  64 
Altar,  first,  37 

Amalek(ites),  53,  72,  82,  85,  90 
Amasa,  captain,  94-95 
Amaziah,king  of  Judah.  16,  123 


Ammon,  72,  85,  97;  subdued,  127;  147 

Ammonite  oppression,  75-6;  war,  81,84, 
92 

Amnon,  son  of  David  94 

Amon,  king  of  Judah,  136 

Amorites,  61  • 

Amos,  prophet,  128 

Anakim,  66 

Angel  of  Jehovah,  42 

Ante-diluvian  period,  24,  27-33 

Antiochus  Epiphanes,  16 

Aphek,  Ahab's  victory  at,  no 

Arabah,  sea  of  the,  10, 123 

Arabian  desert,  33 

Arabians  plunder  Jerusalem,  16,  113 

Aram,  39 

Ark,  Noah's,  34 

Armenia,  26, 38, 

Arnon,  from  Sinai  to  the,  57*61 

Arpachshad, 39 

Artaxerxes,  158 

Asa,  king  of  Judah,  106-7 

Asaph,  singer,  92,  130 

Ashdod,  79.  captured,  133 

Asher,  tribe  of,  68,  131 

Asherah,  400  prophets  of,  118;  cut  down, 

130;  136,  138 
Asherim,  idols,  106,  112 
Ashkelon,  city  of,  77 
Asia  Minor,  39 
Assyria,  relations  to,  39,  no 
Athaliah,  usurper,  120-1,  136 
Atmosphere  of  Palestine,  12 
Augury  and  enchantments,  136 
Azariah(-Uzziah),  king  of  Judah,  124 
Azariah,  son  of  Oded,  106,  114 


186  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

JJAAI,  WORSHIP  established,  10910,  Cambyses,  155 

136;  idols  destroyed,  138  Campaign,  southern,  64:  northern,  66 

Baal  worshippers  slaughtered,  120  Canaan,  12;  entrance  into,  63 

Baal-gad,  71  Canaan's  (son  of  Ham)  curse,  37 

Baal  Peoi*,  60  Canaanites,  extermination  of,  66-7,  70 

Baal-zebub,  no  .       Captivity,  period  of  the,  21 

Baal  Zephon,  52  Caravan,  of  returning  exiles,  154 

Baasha,  king  of  Israel,  106-7  Carmel,  14,  71;  Elijah  at,  109;  Elisha  at, 

Babel,  tower  of,  $ga.  116;  school  at,  117 

Babylon  captured,  153  Carthaginians,  73 

Babylonian  exile,  149-51  Chaldeans,  slain,  at  Mizpah,  147 

Balaam,  59  Chebar,  river,  180 

Bampth  Baal,  59  Cherith,  Elijah  at,  115 

Barak,  73  Cherubim  in  Old  Testament,  28 

Baruch,  Jeremiah's  scribe,  148  Chinnereth,  sea  of,  10 

Barzillai,  70,  94,  96  Circumcision,  rite  of,  42 

Bashan,9  City,  first,  31 

Bath-sheba,  93  Classical  history,  beginning  of,  153 
Beer-sheba,  14,  131;   origin  of,  42;  81;  Climate  of  Palestine,  12 

Elijah  at,  115  Commandments,  ten,   55;    commentary 

Beginning,  second,  37  on,  61 

Belial,  78  Confusion  of  tongues,  39a 

Belshazzar,  feast  of,  152  Conquest,  period  of  the,  2.0,63-71 

Bcn-hadad  of  Syria,  106,  no  Conquests,  east  of  the  Jordan,  59-61 

Benjamin,  territory  of,  68  Covenant,  God's,  with  Noah,  37 

B^rothai,  92  Creation,  23-4;  legends  of,  24 

Betah,  92  Cressy,  73 
Bethel,  14;  Abraham  at,  40;  Jacob  at,  45;  Cush,  33 

70, 71,  81,  99;  Elijah  at,  no;  school 

BctlT-horon.  65  D  AGON,  god  of  Philistia,  79 

Bethlehem,  83,  147 

Beth-shemesh,  79  Dan,  14;  territory  of,  68;  70,  131 

Bible,  books  of  the,  17  Daniel,  in  Babylon,  150-2 

Birs-Nimroud,  39*  Darius  (II)  Hystaspes,  156,  i?8 

Boaz,  70,  78,  loi  Dathan  and  Abiram,  58 

Bondage,  period  of,  20,  48-50  David's  career,  82-96 

Books  of  the  Bible,  17  Dead  Sea,  10 

••       "       Old  Testament,  17  Deborah,  Rebekah's  nurse,  46 

"    and  chapters  in  O.T.,  17,  18  «•        prophetess,  73;  song,  "74 

Botany  of  Palestine,  n  Delilah,  77 

Brooks  of  Palestine,  10  Deluge,  cause,  time,  duration,  universal- 
ity, object,  traditions  of,  34-35 

[JAIN,  29-30  Dial  of  Ahaz,  133 

Caleb,  67  Dinah,  45 

Calf,  golden,  55  Dispersion,  tower  of  Babel. and  the,  392. 


PROPER  NAMES  AND  TOPICS. 

/  rivision  of  the  kingdom,  1 03  Etam,  77 

Divisions,  political,  «f  Palestine,  13  Etham,  51 

Doeg,  .Edomite,  86  Ethiopians,  war  with  Asa,  106,  132 

Dothan,  siege  of,  in  Euphrates,  river,  26 

Drunkenness,  first,  37  Eve,  Adam  and,  26-a8 

Dual  kingdom,  period  of  the,  al  Exile,  period  of,  25,  145-151;  Babylonian, 

149-51 

EASTEBN SEA,  ,0 

Ebal,  Mt.,  62,  64  Exodus,  50-1 

Ebenezer,  81  Ezekiel,  prophet,  150-2 

Eden,  garden  of,  25  Ezioo  Geber,  59 

Edict  of  Cyrus,  153;  renewed  by  Darius  Ezra,  scribe,  150-60 

II.  »55 

Edom,  58,  85,  92,  97, 147  j?ALt,  TEMPTATION  and,  37-39 

Ed o mites,  revolt,  119 

Eglon.  king  of  Moab,  72  Fal1  of  **9*»,  «4i 

Egypt,  Abraham's  sojourn  in,  40;  Jacob's  Jerusalem,  141 

appeal  to,  47;  settlement  in,  48;  re-  Samaria,  129-32 

ligion.of,   49;  Solomon's  commerce  Feasts,  55 

with,  98;  flight  of  the  remnant  to,  Flaming  Sword,  28 

148;  Ezekiel's  prophecy  concerning  Foods  prohibited  and  permitted.  56 

fate  of,  148  ftAD,  ALLOTMENT  to,  60 

Ehud,  second  judge,  72,  73 

Ekron,  Philistine  city,  79  Gad  the  seer,  87 

Elah,  king  of  Israel,  107  Galilee,  8 

Elam,  country,  30  Galilee,.sea  of,*xo 

Elamite  powers,  rise  of  Persian 'and.  152  Gath,  79,  87,  122 

Eiath  restored,  124  Gaza,  65,  77 

Eleazar,  priest,  60  Geba,  84 

Eli  and  fal!  of  Shiloh,  78-80  Gedaliah,  governor  in  Palestine,  147 

Eliakim  (Jehoiakim),  140  Gehazi,  116 

Eliezer,  prophet,  112  Genesis  I-II.  3,  object  of,  25;  beginnings 

Elijah,  prophet,  109-10,  115-16  «,  25:  and  geology,  24 

Elim,  in  wilderness,  52-3  Geology  of  Palestine,    u 

Elon,  eleventh  judge,  76  Gerar,  Isaac  in,  54 

Emancipation  of  Jewish  slaves,  153  Gerizim,  62^  138 

Embassies  to  Babylon,  143  Geshur,  44 

Endor,  witch  of,  83,  87  Gibbethon,  Philistine  fortress,  107 

Engedi,  87:  Jehoshaphat's  victory  at,  113  Gtbeon's  deceit,  64,  65 

Enoch,  book  of,  32  Gibeonites,  66,  95 

Entanglements  with  Egypt,  Zedekiah's,  Gideon,  fifth  judge,  74 

.  ,J*3  Gilboa,  Mt.,14,87 

Ephra.m,  territory  of,  68,  131  Gi,ead)  Xf  4g 

Esar-haddon,  king  of  Assyria,  136  (j^  ^  8     ^  j^         Jl6. 
tsau  and  Jacob,  44  a^  X1y 

Esdraelon,  plain  of  8  Goliath,  86,  89 

Esther,  78;  story  and  book,  xs6-7  Goshen,  land  of,  48^ 


1SS 


OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 


Gozan,  ty> 

Greece,  in  Europe,  38 

Gur-baal,  Arabian  city,  124 

|£ABAKKUK,  PROPHET,  141 

Habor,  130- 
Hachilah,  87 
Hadadezer  of  Zobah,  93 
Hagar,  story  of,  42 
Haggai,.prophet,  155 
Halah,  130 

Ham  and  descendants,  37 
Haman.  the  Agagite,  157 
Hanani  the  feer,  106,  114 
Hannah,  78,  80 
Haran,  40,  4».  45 
Hauran,  ii. 

Hazael  of- Syria,  120,  xai. 
Hazeroth,  57 
Hazor,  14,  66 
Hebrew  poetry,  30 
Hebron,  18,65,  66, 68t  90 
Heman,  83,  92 
Hereth,  forest  of,  87 
Heshbon,  14,  59 


JBZAN,  TENTH  JUDGE.  76 
Institutions  during  the  exile,  150-1 
Isaac,  sacrifice  of,  career  of,  43 
Isaiah,  prophet,  128;  to  Hezekiah,  145, 

149 

Ish-bosheth,  91 
Ishmael,  birth  of,  42 
Ishmael,  seed-royaj,  murderer  of  Geda- 

liah,  147 

Israel,  Jacob  named,  45 
Israel,  introduction  to,  history  of,  Gen. 

i — xi.  9 

Issachar,  territory  of,  68, 131 
Ittai,  94 


JABESH,  87 

Jachin,  pillar,  101 
Jacob's  wanderings,  45-46 
Jacob  and  Esau,  44 
Jahaziet,  prophet,  113 
Jair,  eighth  judge,  76 
.  Japheth's  part  in  Shem's  God,  37 
Jashar,  book  of,  65,  90 
Jebus,  conquest.of,  go 
Jebusites,  16 
Jeduthun,  92. 

Jehoahaz,  king  of  Israel,  121 
Hezekiah,king  of  Judah,.xo2,i29-i34,  145         ,«.  ,.     judah,  140 

High  places,  112, 136;  in  Samaria,  Sim-Jehoiach;n>  k[ng  of  Judah,  ,6>  I42>  14O. 

eon,  Naphtali,  138  Jehoiada,  high  priest,  121 

Hinnom.  valley  of,  136  Jehoiakim,  king  of  Judah,  16,  140-1, 145. 

Hiram  of  Tyre,  91  149 

Hittites,  3g,  44,  97  Jehonadab,  son  of  Rechab,  120 

Holy  of  holiest  55  Jehoram,  king  of  Judah,  t6,  "6,  «9 

Holy  Land,  8  Jehoram,  son  of  Ahab,  king  of  Israel, 

Hophra,  king  of  Egypt.  I43  jehoVhtphat,  king  of  Judah,  no,  i,a-,3 

Hor,  ML,  58  I4S 

Horeb,  Mt.,  Moses  in,  53;  Elijah  at,  115  Jehu,  sorrof  Hanani,  prophet,  n* 


Horses,  first  use  of,  66 

Hoshea,  king  of  Israel,  126, 129 

Host  of  heaven  worshipped,  136 

Huldah,  prophetess,  139,  145 

Hur,  Aaron  and,  55 

Hushai,  94 

Hystaspes,  Darius  (II),  156 


Jehu,  king  of  Israel,  117, 120 

Jephthah,  ninth  judge,  76 

Jeremiah,  prophet,  139 

Jericho,  10, 14;  destruction  of,  64;  Elijah 

at,  116;  school  at,  117 
Jeroboam  I,  king  of  Israel,  103-6,  138 

.4  II,  "  ••  123 

Jerusalem,   14)  names,   location,  15;  his- 
tory of,  16;   ownetsbie,  &'»  78;  de* 


PROPER  NAMES  AND  TOPICS.  ISO 

Struction,    736;    captivity,   142;   €ve  Languages,  origin  of  different.  393 

captivities  of,  by  Nebukadrecaar,  146; Law  found  in  the  temple,  138 

walls  rebuilt,  159  Leah  and  Rachel,  45 

Jesse,  father  of  David,  82  Lebanon,  8 

Jethro,  father-in-law  to  Moses,  49,  5*        Levites,  work  of,  57 
Jews  slain  at  Mizpah,  147  Liberty,  beginning  of  religious,  153 

Jezebel,  Abab's  wife,  xoq-io;  slain,.  120;  Libnah,6s;  revolt  of,  119 

cf.  136  Longevity  of  the  ante-diluvians,  33 

Jczreel,  Ahaziah  of  Judah  at,  *ao  j^j  an(j  Abraham,  40.  41 

Joab,  David's  general,  91,  96  *«   and  destruction  of  Sodom.  49 

Joash  of  Israel,  16.  xoa,  122.  Lud,  Lydians,  39 

"         Judab,  MI;  law  at  coronation 

**»  *38  TVfACPELAH,  CAVE  of,  43 

Johanan.  of  remnant  in  Palestine,  147      I"- 

Jonah's  message  to  Jeroboam  II,  123         Mahanaim,  city  or  camp,  ^,91,  94 
Jonathan,  84-6  Makkedah ,  Canaanitish  city,  65 

Joppa,  city,  14  Mamre,  oaks  of,  41 

Jordan,  river,  9- 10  Man,  creation  of,  24- ^'antiquity  of,  27 

Joseph  sold  in  Egypt,  46;  imprisoned  andManassch.  tribe,  60;  king  oi  Judah,  tov 
promoted,  47;  bones  buried,  70  i3«:  career  of,i35-6;  altars  ot  re  moved 

Joshua,  53,  63  *38.  MS 

Josiah,  king  of  Judah.  toa;  carew  of,  Manna-,  food,  53 

137-9  Manoah,  76 

Joiham,  king  of  Judah.  126-7  Maon,  87 

Jubilee  year,  57  Marah,  waters  of,  53 

Judah,  sin  of,  45;  territory  of,.  68 '  Marathon,  battle  of,  156 

Judah  alone,  period  of,  ai.  March  to  the  sea,  51;  to  Sinai,  53 

Judea,  8  Marriages,  mixed,  condemned,  158-9 

Judges,  period  of,  ai,  72-831  Mattaniah,  see  Zedekiah. 

Medes,  captives  of  Israel  with  the,  130 

RADESH  BARNEA.  58. 65  Mediterranean  sea,  8. 10, 39 

Kadesh,  wilderness  of,  6"«  Melchi-shua,  son  of  Saul,  88 

K.arka r,  no  Melchizekek,  41 

Kibroth-  hataavab,  57  Menahem,  king  of  Israel,  126,  f  28 

Keilah,  87  Meozaleh,  lake,  52 

Kingdom,  period  of  the,  ai,  84-ioa  Mephibosheth.  of  Saul,  94 

••         "     dual,  2 1 , 103- 128  Merari,  99 

Kings  of  the  east,  invasion  by,  41  Merib-baaf,  grandson  of  Saul,  88. 

Kirjath-jearim,  80, 91  Merodach-Baiadan  king  of  Babylon,  133 

Korah,  and  his  host,  58;  92  Merom,  lake,  10,  66 

Mesha,  king  of  Moab,  199,  113 

fjABAN  AND  JACOB.  45  Mesopotamia.  39;  invasion  by  kings  of.  7* 

Lachish,  65  Mieah,  prophet,  70,  128;  to  Judah,  149 

Laisb,  79  Micaiah,  prophet,  no 

Lakes  of  Palestine,  10  Michal,  86 

Lantech's  song  and  the  origin  of  the  arts,  Michmash,  84 
3<>  Midian,  49 


190  OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 

Midianlte  oppression,  74  Omri,  king  of  Israel,  109;  house  of  Omri 

Migdol.  52  extirpated,  120 

Miriam,  Moses*  sister.  52,  57  Oppression,  first  Philistine,  73;  Moabite, 

Mizpah.  14;  7*  Canaanite,  73;  Midianite.  74 

Mizpeh,  7*,  76,  80,  81.  83,  87  Oriental  history,  end  of,  153 

Muraim  (Egypt),  57  Oman,  95 

Moab,  72,  85,  147  Orpah,  77 

Molooh,  127  Othniel,  first  judge,  ?T 

Mordecai,  157  Outfit  for  Old  Testament  study,  19 

Moses'  training  '49;  appeal  to  Pharaoh,  pADDAN-ABAM,  44 

49,  50;  leadership  of  Israel,  50-62       Palestine,  geography,    7.11;  name,    F; 
Murder,  first,  31  P^ins,  9     lakes,  lorsea,  brooks.  10; 

political   divisions,  13;  possessors  of, 

£J  AAMAH,  97  at  return  of  exiies,  154 

Naaman  the  Syrian,  116  Paran,  wilderness,  58 

Nabal,  89  Passover  established,  51;  observed,  57, 

Naboth,  70,  tio  139 

Nadab.  king  of  Israel,  107  Patriarchal  period,  40-47;  political  divis- 

Nahor,  44  ions  in,  13 

Nahum,  139  Pekah,  king  of  Israel,  126,  128 

Naioth,  86  Pekahiah,  king  of  Israel,  126 

Naphtali,  territory  of.  68  Penuel,  Jacob  at,  45 

Nathan,  the  prophet,  ga,  93  Poor,  59 

Natural  History  of  Palestine,  n  Periods  of  time  in  Bible,  20 

Nazarite,  57,  77,  80  .Periods  of  Old  Testament  History,  30-21 

Nebukadrezzar,  16,  102;  at  Jerusalem,  i43Persian  ar.d  Elamite  powers,  rise  of,  152 
Nebuzaradan's  destruction  of  Jerusalem,  Pharaoh   and   Abraham,  40;  and  Jacob, 

146  48;  and  lytoses,  42-62. 

Necho,  expedition  through  Palestine,  139  Philistia,  8 

Nehemiah,  16;  third  return  under,  158-60'  Philistines,  plunder  Jerusalem,  15;  43,  95 
New  Testament  period,  political  divis-  Phoenicia,  8 

ions  in,  13  Pi-hahiroth,  52 

Nimrod,  38  Pisgah,  59,  62 

Ncsh's  prophecy,  37  Plagues  in  Egypt,  50,  51 

Nob,  86  Plains  of  Palestine,  to 

North  pole,  Eden  at,  e6  Polygamy,  first,  31 

' 


Obed-edom,  91  Prediction,  first,  by  man,  37 

Obelisks  broken,  ib  Prophets,  schools  of  the,  82 

Oded,  father  of  Azariah,  106  pul  see  Tiglath-pileser. 

Oded,  a  prophet  to  Israel,  rr,  Punishment  of  serpent,  Adam  and  Eve, 
Offerings,  significance  of  the,  56  ~ 

Og,  king  of  Bashan.  59,  61  Punishment,  capital,  established,  37 

Old  Testament  world,  6  Purification,  laws  of,  56 

books  of,  17  Purim,  feast  of,  157 
history,  periods  of,  ao-2i   Purity  of  atm0sPhere  in  Palestine,  i» 


PROPER  NAMES  AND  TOPICS. 


191 


,  SURFEIT  of,  57 
Queen  of  Sheba,  99 


Sanballat's  opposition  to  Nehemiah,  159 

Sarah,  wife  of  Abraham,  43 

Sargon,  kingoi  Assyria,  129;  invasion  of, 


RABBAH,92  Sau 

Rachel  and  Leah,  45  Schools  of  the  sons  of  the  prophets,  117 

Racial  affinity,  scientific  evidences  of,  39  Sea  of  Palestine,  10 


Rahab,  63,  64 

Rain  in  Palestine,  12 

Ramah,  81,  83,  106;  school  at,  117 

Rameses  to  Soccoth,  51 

Ramoth  Gilead,  14,  no,  112 

Rebekah,  finding  of,  43 

Rechab,  120 

Red  Sea  to  Arnon,  59 

Reforms  of  Ezra  and  Nehemiah,  159 

Refuge,  cities  of,  60;  east  of  Jordan,  61 

Regal  period,  political  divisions  in,  13 


Seasons  of  Palestine,  12 
Semitic  sway,  end  of,  153 
Sennacherib,  king  of  Assyria,  132;  inva- 
sion of,  134 

Serpent,  a7;  Moses',  destroyed,  130 
,Seth,  descendants  of,  31 
Settlement  of  the  tribes,  6> 
Seventh  day,  24 
Shallum,  king  of  Israel,  124-6 
Shalmaneser  II,  no 
IV,  129 
Shamgar,  third  judge,  73 


Rehoboam,  16,  97,  102;  career  of,  103-4 

Remnants  in  Palestine,  and  Egypt,  147-9  Shamir,  75 

Rephidim,  53  Sharon,  8 

Restoration,  period  of,  21,  152-60  Sheba,  son  of  Bichri,  45 

Return,  first,  153-4;  second,  under  Ezra,  Shechem,  14;  first  altar  in  Canaan  at,  40 

157-8;  third,  Nehemiah,  158-60  Jacob  at,  45;  68,  70,74;  Rehoboam  at 

Reuben,  Cad  and  half-tribe  of  Manas-  103,  147 

sen,  70  Shemaiah,  prophet,  105 

Review,  general,  160-1  Shem's  future,  37 

Rezin   of  Syria   leagued   with    Pekah  "        descendants,  39, 40 

against  Ahaz,  126  Shibboleth,  76 

Riblah,  Zedekiah  condemned  at,  146  Shil  h,  68,  79,  80,  82.  zoo 

Roll  cut  by  Jehoiakim,  141  Shimei  94,  96 

Rnth,  70,  77,  78  Shina%  3oa 

Shishak,  16;  102 
gABBATH.ORtGIN  and  significance  shui:em,  87;  Elisha  at,  116 

of,  24;  desecration,  159  Shur;  53 

Sabbatical  year,  57  Siege  of  Jerusalem,  146 
Sacrifice,29  human,  in,  Old  Testament^  Sihon,  king  of  Amorites,  59 

Salt  Sea,  10  Simeon,  tribe,  68 

Samaria,  8,  14.    68;    Elisha  at,  116;  be-  Sin,  wilderness  of,  53 

sieged  by  Syrians,  117;  fall  of,  129  Sin  of  Adam  and  Eve,  27 

sq.  Sinai,  march  to,  53;  doings  at  in  Exodus, 

Samaritans,  origin  of,  130;  delayed  tern-  54;  to  the  Arnon,  57 

pie  building,  154-5  Sisera,  73 

Samscn,  thirteenth  judge,  76  Smerdis  false,  156 

Samuel's  career,  80-3  So,  king  of  Egypt,  129 


OLD  TESTAMENT   HISTORY. 

Sodom,  fate  of,  42  Tower  of  Babel,  jgn 

Sodomites  removed,  106,  138  Tribal  period,  politi  al  divisions  in,  13 

Sojourn  in  Egypt,  49  Tribe*,  settlement  of.  in  Canaar,  67 

Solomon's  ca  eer,  95-9;    high  places  of  Tyie.  14,  154 

Solomon.  138;  1  15 

Solomons  temple,  ^.o*  UR  OF  THE  CHALDEES,  40,  4> 

Song  of  Moses,  6a  Urijah,  prophet,  141 
Sons  of  God  and  daughter*  of  men,  34    Urim,  87 

South  country,  8,  It     40.  °5"  Uzzah,  9* 

Spies'  work,  58  Uzziah,  king  of  Judah,  174,  125,  128 

Succoth,  S1  VASHTI.  °.ueen  of  Persia'  '57 

Sun,  images,  138:  horses  and  chariots  of     1 


the,  138  ^yADIES  OF  PALESTINE.  >o 

Sun  standing  still.  6$  Wajj)  writjng  on  ,ne,  152 

Susa,  1  56,  1  58  WaUs  of  j  crusaiem  rebuilt,  159 

Sword,  flaming.  «8  Wandeiings,  period  of,  20,  51-6* 

Synagogue,  origin  of,  160  Wai%  CIV1,  ?? 

Syrians,  92  War8  of  jehovah,  book  of,  59 

Why  study  O.  T.  History?i-s     ' 

r^ABERAH,  57  Wilderness,  53;  of  Sin,  53;  of  Paran,  58 

Tabernacle,  55,  100  Winds  of  Palestine.  12 

Table  of  nations,  3S  VEBXES  (Ahasuerus).  ,58 

Tabor,  Mt.,  71 

Tahpahnes,  Jeremiah  at,  14^  YE^KS,  sabbatical  and  jubilee,  57 

Tarshish,  ships  of,  98.  112 

Temperature  of  Palestine,  iz  2AREPHATH>  Elijah  at,  ,,5 

Temple,  Solomon's,  99-102:  repa>red,i38;2achariah,  son  of  Jeroboam   II.  king  of 

corner-stone  of  second,  154;  building         Israel,  124 

of  second,  155-6  Zebulon,  territory  of,  68;  131 

Temptation  and  fall,  27-8  Zechanah,  prophet  stoned  by  Joash  of 

Thebez,  75  Jud^h,  121 

Tibni  and  Omri,  108  Zechanah,  prophet  under  Uzziah  of  Ju- 

Tiglath-pileser,  i»6t  129  dah,  124 

Tigris,  river,  39  Zechariah,    prophet,   contemporary   nf 

Time,  periods  of,  covered  by  the  Bible,         Haggai,  155 

20  Zedekiah,  16,  142-3.  MS 

Time,  periods  of,  between  Adam  and  the  Zephaniah,  139 

deluge,  33  Zerubbabel,  leader  of  returning  exiles, 

Timnath-Serah,  69  154 

Tiphsah  smitten,  126  Ziba,  94 

Tirzah,  capital  of  Israel,  107  Ziklag,  89 

Tobiah,  the  Ammonite,  159  Zimri,  7-day-Uing  of  Israel,  107 

Toiof  Hamath,  93  Zin,  wilderness  of.  58  >'f- 

Tola,  seventh  j  udge,  75  Ziph  ,  wilderness  of,  87  -  .  ', 

Tophet,  136,  138  Zobah,8s 

Zoology  of  Palestine,  1  1  ,../•:• 


INDEX  OF  SCRIPTURE  TEXTS. 


PAGES.  PAGES. 

GENESIS  i-ii.  3.  ........  23  xlvi-1  .................  48 

ti.4-25  ................  25  »Hx.  17....:  .......  .....  28 

ill  ....................  27 

jy  _  ..................  ^EXODUS  i.  8-vii.  13    .   .  49 

v  .....  ,,  vii.  I4-X.J9  ...........  50 

tt7-viH."i4.""".....i.i.*  37  U'9fq  ................  >33 

-«.  37  "-""'1*  .............  $' 


viiL2o  ................  99  »*.•$-**.«  ..........  52 

x.                                    .  38  xv.  22—  xviii.  27  .........  53 

xi'i^VZ.'™".™.  39*  **»-»«•••<  .........  54 

xi.  10-32  ...............  32  XX'3'4  .................  l01 

..........  40  XX:24'2.?  ..............  99 

..........  99  *«-*»»:;  .............  6| 

24,25  ..............  ^  ".r*wl1.  ..........  55 

...  ..............  10  «»«™'  ............  56 


xiv.  i-i7,i8-ao  ..........    41 

XT.I-Xxi.21  ...........      42  XX 

xrii.  ,0.4  ..............    63        KXV'18;22  ..............     ' 

JtXV—  xl.r  ..............     100 


...... 

xxu-xxiv  .............  43        XX"M2;*5  .............  ^oo 

xxv-xxviL  .............  44        *X'V-Xl  ...............     5S 

xxv'7  ..................  32LEVITICUS  i.  1-5  ........   101 

xxvni.  lo-xxxiv.  31  .....  45        i.xxii  ................     56 

xxviii.i&-23  ............  99        xiu  g  ................. 

xxxv.  1-3,  6,  14,  15  ......  99        xxy 


xxxv.  23-26  .............     45 

xxxv.  28,  29  ............     44  NUMBERS  i—iv.  .........     57 

xxxvii—  xl  .......  »  ......    46         Hi.  29-31  ...............     91 

xli—  *lv  ................     47        1^.5,15,19,20  ..........    91 

57 


194 


OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 


PAGES. 

PAOES. 

x.  n*~xii.  16  

57         xsiii—  xxiv.  30  

....      69 

xiii  —  xiv  

40 

xvi  

....      70 

58  JUDGESi  

....      70 

• 

....      69 

60        iii.  31  ,. 

—.     73 

60        iii.  19,26  

....     63 

xxxii.  1-38  

67        v.  ao  

....    65 

xxxiv.  ii  

....     74 

XXXV  

60       vl  1^,36  

133 

DEUTERONOMY  i—  xxvi 

61        K  3—  xvi  31 

75 

i«.  17  

10        jv/  , 

73 

™-fg5^  

xvii—  xviik  ^. 

....     70 

"5 

....     71 

xvi.  16  

loiRUTHi  

....     77 

xxi.  23  

65        ii-iv  

....     78 

62        iv.  18-22  

....    78 

xxviii.  25,  52-68  

145  I  SAMUEL  i.  9,  14-15 

f....    78 

xxvm.27  
xxxiii  ....  
JOSHUA  i-v  

'?«    ;•*  -  • 

*         i—  iv.  i  

ii.  12-17,22-25  .... 

78,  100 
80 
....    78 

IO          ..              g 

....    78 

vi—  ix.  2?  

64 

vii.  6  

so     ";3*  

34        iii.  11-18  

....     79 

<*        ir.i-18  

66 

V.  I—  vii.  2  

.....    79 

*».  3  

IO 
Vll.   10  

65 

xiii.  27  
xiv  

f        VK-3-.4  

vii.  15—  viii,  22.  .... 
67        ix—  xi  

.....     80 
,    ..     81 
....     84 

68        .            - 

o¥ 

67  r«   3  

xxii.  10—27*  

68  ^  ;::::::;;:;: 

101 

..-85,88 

SCRIPTURE  TEXTS. 


195 


xii 

xiii 

xiii.  8-15.... 
xiii — xiv.  46 
xiv. .. 


PACES. 
...       Si   2 

...  88 

...  82 

...  84 

...  85 


xiv.  47-48 85,  £8 

xv 82,  85 

xvi.  1-5 88 

xvi.  i-i3 82 

xvi.  13 79 

xvi.  14-23 86 

xrii.  12-58 89 

xvii— xviii.  5 85 

xviii.  6 — xix.  10 86, 89 

xix.  11-24....... 86,89 

xix.  13 88 

xix.  16 -  ....     71 

xix.  18-22 -- 82 

xix.  18-24  „. 84,88 

xix.  20 82,117 

xx.  1 8,  24-29 88 

xx — xxiv 86,  89 

xxi.  1-9 88 

«i.  7 85 

xxii.  6-19 88 

xxii.  9;i8 85 

xxii.  23 85 

xxv 89 

XXV.   1 82 

xxvi 87,  89 

xxvii..... 89 

xxviii „ 87,  89 

xxviii.  3-25 83 

xxix.. ...... .............     89 

xxx 89 

xxxi 87,  88 


PACKS. 

SAMUEL  i.  18-27 65 

i— ii.  4 90 

ii— vi   91 

vi.  1-12 loo 

vii.  1-13 100 

vii — xi.  i . ....  ....  ......  92 

xi — xiv. ................  93 

xii.  26-31 92 

xv — xxi.... 94 

xxi.  i-ii 65. 

xxi.  12-14 90 

xxi.  15-22 95 

xxiv ...................  95. 

xxiv.  17-25. IOO 

KINGS  i.  i— ii.  n 95 

i»    * 97 

iii.  4— 15,   96 

iv.  1-6 97 

iv.  7-28 98 

iv.  it,  15'.....  ..........  97 

iv.  22-28.... 97,  98 

iv.  29-34 97 

iv- 34 97 

v.  G,  8-12 98 

v.  7,  12 97 

v-viii 100 

v.i3LiS 97 

vi.  1,38 loo 

vi.  5-10...... ..........  101 

vi.  7 9$ 

vi.  16,17 «oi 

vi.  31-33 - ioi 

vii.  13-45 loo 

vii.  15-22..... ..........  101 

vii.   27-39 I01 

vii.  48 101 


196 


OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 


PACKS. 

viii  ..................  „..  102 

vii.  8  ......  ...**......*    97 

viii.  64  ........  *—,.„„.  too 

ix.  11-14.  ........  .  .„,      9$ 

ix.  16,24  •••«  •«»•—  «»«•  t    97 
ix.2o,2i  ........  .-,..*•.    3$ 

ix.  23,  23—22  .........  .    97 

ix.  26-28.  ..............     9$ 

*•*-»  .....  «  ............    97 


X.22-25  .......  .  ......  ..  98 

x.23.  24  ...............  97 

x.  28,29  ..........  ......  98 

xi.  .,  ................  ....  99 

«•  i  ...............  .—  97 

xi.  9-13......  ...  .......  103 

«•  29  ........  «...  79»I05,  114 

xi.  29-39.  .......—.103,  114 

xi.'3o  ............  „  .....  105 

xii.  1-19  .....  ...  .......  103 

xii.  15  .........  0,  .....  .  114 

xii.  20-  -xv.  8  .....  ,.„..„  !O4 

xii.  15,  22,  23  ------  .  .....  105  2 

xii.  22-24   .............  1*4 

xii.  26-28  ......  .  .......  101 

xiii.  i,  5-8....  ..........  105 

xiii.  i,  ii  ...............  115 

xiii.  2  .............  ,....  138 

xiii.  ii  .................  nS 

xii?   11-31  ..............  105 

xiv.  2-16....  .....  v—  ...  IQS 

xiv.  2-18  ...............  114 

riv.  21,31  ..............  97 

xv.  8—  xvi.  20  .......  ...  106 

XV.  24  ..................  112 

»r.  25—  xvi.20  ..........  107 

**-30.™  .............  »4 


PAGES. 

xvi.  1,7 I0g 

xvi.  1-5,  7, 12 114 

xvi.  16-29 108 

avi.  25 109 

svi.  t9~xvii.  i...t 109 

..  •«* 115 

...0 109, 115 

19,22,40 118 

irfa 115 

xix,  !$«££*«.• 116 

XX...... no 

a*.  53,  23 115 

%«.  13,82.. 0 Ill 

RX.  28,35.,, nr 

*x.^...e.« I09 

»>— IP9 

sxi.  87-29*0. 115 

xxi.  ?§«,.. no 

Xxil.. HO,  112 

xxil  6^3,  22,  23 118 

xxii.  8-28 115 

xxii.  38—53 no 

KINGS  i.  1-18 no 

i.3—ii.7 ti6 

u.  15-18... 116 

iii 112 

Ul.  1*27. no 

01.2-19..,* 116 

111.4..., - K>9 

t   8 *  W5 

iv.  1-7....... v.  ix5 

tv.42,  43 117 

v,  21-24 iif 

vi.  i-io....^. -116 

vi.  12...... i«6 

vi.  24/'Vii.  20 ...... .in,  Ity 

viii.  i- 15. 117 


SCRIPTURE  TEXTS. 


197 


PAGES. 

viii.  16 113 

viii.  16-24 H9 

viii.  24-29..............  119 

ix.  1-12 117 

ix— xi 120 

ix.  16-28 119 

x.30 124 

xi.  2 121 

xi.  12 — xii.  16. 121 

xi.  18 121 

xii.  4-15 ..,  ...„ .  102 

xii.  17-21 121 

xiii.  1-9...... ..........  121 

xiii.  9 — xiv.  i. ..........  122 

xiii.  13 123 

xiii.  14-21 117 

xiii.  23..... 121 

xiv.  1-22 123 

xiv.  8-16. ....... .......  122 

xiv.  16 123 

xiv.  23-29 123 

xiv.  25 123 

xv.  i 123 

xv.  1-7 124 

xv.  5 126 

xv.  8-12 124  I 

XT.   10-38 126 

xvi.  i,  5 ...... ......  ....  126 

xvi.  1-20 127 

xvi.  10-19.... ..........  XO2 

xvii.  1-23 129 

xvii.  6-41  ..............  130 

xvii.  13-20..............  127 

xviii.  i .................  132 

xviii.  i-S 130 

xviii.  n. 130 

xviii.  14-16 132 


xviii.  14 — xix.  37, 

XX.     I-II 

xx.  5,6 

XX.  II. 

xx.  12-19 

*x.  17 

**•  17,  18 


PAGES. 

...  134 

...  132 

—  "33 

—  133 

—  133 

...  145 

...  149 

**i  ....................  135 

xxi.  10-16  ...........  136,  146 

xxi.  19-26  ..............  136 

xxii—  xxiii.  30  ...........  137 

xxii.  16,17  ..............  145 

xxiii.  16  ................  138 

xxiii.  24....  ............  71 

xxiii.  30  —  xxiv.  6  .  .  ......  140 

xxiv.  i  .................  149 

xxiv.  8-16  ..............  142 

xxiv.  10-16....  .........  149 

xxiv.  20  ................  143 

xxv.  8-21  ...............  149 

xxv.  8-22  .....  .  ......  v  145 

xxv.  22-26  ..............  147 

xxv.  27  .................  150 

xxv.  27-30  ..............  142 

CHRONICLES  v».  28-33  83 

Ix.  22  ..................  83 


xi—  xvi  ................  91 

xvii  —  xx  ...  ......  .  .....  92 

*x-4-8  ............  ....  95 

xxi.  18-30  .........  .....  100 

xxii  ................  ....  95 

xxii.  I  .......  ..  ........  loo 

xxii.  14  .............  ...  IOO 

xxiii—  xxvii.  ............  91 

»vi  ...................  95 


198 


OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 


PAGES. 

xxvi.  28.....  ...........     £3 

xxvii.  25-31  ..........  ...     92 

xxviii.  11-19...........  •    t°° 

xxviii.  xxix.  ----------  „     95 

xxix.  2-8  ...............   100 

xxix.  29..,.  .....  .  ......  »  83 

2  CHRONICLES  I  7-13..    96 

i.  14  ...................     98 

il6,  17.  •  ..............    gg 

ii.  2,  17,  18  ............  .     97 

ii.  3-9.  ..~  ......  .  .....   ioo 

U8-i6  ..............  ....     98 

iii.  i  ...................  loo 

iii.4,  5,  8,  10-13  ........  loi 

iii  —  vii.  ................  100 

iv.  1-9  .................  IQI 

iv.  11-16  ...............   ioo 

iv.  19  ..................   ioi 

v.  i-vi.  42  .............  102 

v.  4-10  .................   loi 

vi.l  2  ........  .  ........   101 

vii.  1-14.  ...............  loi 

viii.  4—  6  ...............     98 

viii.  7—9  10,  It  .........     97 

viii.  17,  18  .............     98 

«.  1-9  .........  •  .......     97 

IX,   10,  II,    13,  14.21,22, 
24  ...................      93 

«*•«,  23  .............  97,98 

ix.  25,  26,  28  .........  ....    98 

ix.  29  ..................  114 

xi  ....................  -.  104 

105 
114 

„..  104 
.......  —  "4 


x.  2 
xi  2-4 
xii.  2-9 


PACKS. 

xi«.  9-u 102 

x»-  «5 104,105 

xiii 104 

*"»•  32 104,  114 

xiv— xvi. 106 

xv.  1^7 106,  108 

xv.  t-8 114 

xvi.  i-io 107 

xvi  7-10 108,  114 

xvii 112 

xvii.  xi 113 

xviii... no,  112 

xviii.  7-27 115 

xix.  1-3 i«,  "3 

xix.  2,3 114 

XX.  2 113 

xx.  5 ioo 

xx.  14-17 H3,  "4 

xx.  34 114 

xx.  37 112, 113.  114 

xxi.  1-20 119 

xxi.  12-15 "6 

xxii.  1-9  .................  119 

xxii.  xi 121 

xxiiL  10-13 136 

xxiii.  17 X2I 

xxiii.  n-xxiv.  16........  121 

xxiii.  21-25. —•••——«••  136 

xxiv.  7 121 

xxiv.  17-27. ............  121 

xxiv.  19.. .......»% 125 

xxiv.  21.......*. ioo 

xxv.. *.  123 

xxv.  7, 15 115,  125 

XXV.  17-24 122 

xxvi..... 124 

xxvi«  5 —~.  •••«••••••..»  125 


SCRIPTURE  TEXTS. 


199 


PAGES. 

xxvi.  23,23 '35 

xxvii 136 

xxvii.  4^6  *.............  127 

xxviii. 127 

xxix 102 

xxx,  xxxi 131 

xxxii.  1-23 134 

xxxii.  31 133 

xxxiii.  1-18 102 

xxxiii 135 

xxxir.  1-13 102 

xxxiv.  39-33... IO2 

xxxiv.  35 *37 

xxxv.  iS 83 

xxx vi.  i-3 140 

xxxvi.  6,7 149 

xxxvi.  9,  10 142 

xxxvi.  10..... 149 

XXXVi.    11-21 IO2 

xxxvi.  1-3 143 

xxxvi.  16 143 

xxxvi.  17-31 145 

xxxvi.  18-20 149 

EZRA  i— iii 153 

iv— vi 155 

vii— x 157 

NEHEMIAH  i— xiii i«;8 

xii.27sq I$9 

ESTHER  i-x 156 

JOBii.7 133 

PSALMS  vi 90 

vii 90 

viii 90 

*viu 90 

xxi 90 


xxiii. 


PAGES. 
xxii.  14.....  .....  .  ......     80 

......     90 

IC2 
xxx..  ............  .....    90 

xxxiv  ...........  ..  .....     90 

xl  .....................     90 

xliii.  1*4  ...............  102 

xliv.  1*3  ................     64 

xM.  1-5  ................  100 

Hi.  8  ...................   ioi 

I'm.  .  ...................    80 

Hv  ...........  .  .........    90 

Ivi.  .....  ......  ..  .......    90 

Ivii  ....................     90 

lix  .....................     80 

Ixiii  ....................     90 

Ixxviii.  60,  67.....  ......     79 

Ixxxiv.  ....  .....  ........   IOI 

Ixxxvii.  ................   154 

xcii.  12-14  .............     ioi 

xcvi.  1-13  ..............     91 

xcvii  ................  ....  153 

xcvii.  5  .................     65 

xcviii.  8  .....  .    .........     65 

xcix  ............  ,  .......  153 

xcix.6  ...............  79,83 

ciii  ....................    90 

cv.  1-15  ................    91 

cvi  ....................  154 

cvi.  1,47,48..--*  .......     91 

cvii  ....................  154 

cxiv.  ....  .........  .....     63 

cxv  ....................  153 

cxviii  ..................  154 

cxxvi.  .................  153 


200 


OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 


FACES. 

otxxii.  1-5..... 102 

cxxxvii 1 154 


ISAIAH  i.  i 125 

x 134 

xiii. M 152 

xiv 152 

xiv.  24-27 - 134 

xvii.  12— 14 134 

xviii 134 

xix 134 

xx.  4-6 -  134 

xxi.  9,  10 152 

xxii.  1-14 134 

xxvi.  21 30 

xxx.  1-7 134 

xxxiv.  5 28 

xxxvi — xxxvii.  38.......     134 

xxxviii 132 

xxxviii.  1-8 133 

xxxviii.  17 133 

xxxix 133 

xxxix.  2,6 132 

xl 154 

xli.  1-7 152 

xlvi.  i.'. 79 

xlviii.  20,  21 154 

Iv.  12...., 65 

JEREMIAH  i-x 147,  139 

iii.  18 150 

vii.  12,14 79 

vii.  31,  32 136 

xiii.  1 8-2 1 142 

xv.  i 83 

XXL  I-IO 142 

xxi.  I- xxii.  9 145 

xxii 142 


PAGES. 

xxii.  n,  12... 140 

xxii.  18,  19 140 

xxiii.  5, 6. ....... .......  142 

xxiv.  !..„..« ......  ......   142 

xxiv...* 145 

xxiv.  8,  9 «... ......   148 

xxv 140 

xxv.  8-38 145 

XXV.  II....... 149 

xxv.  13.., ~ 152 

xxvi,  xxvii    ............    140 

xxvii.  3 133 

xxvii.   12-22 .   142 

xjcviii.  i-ii 143 

xxviii.  4,  u 152 

xiiviii.  29 142 

xxix 149,  150 

xxix.  1-20 143 

xxix.  17-21. 148 

xxx 148 

xxxii 148 

xxxii—  xxxiv 142 

xxxiv.  2, 3 « 145 

xxxv.xxxvi 140 

xxxvi.6,  9 79 

xxxvi.  10 101 

xxxvii — xxxix 142 

xxxix.  8-10 149 

xlv.. 140 

xl.  i 148 

xl — xliv 147 

xiii.  i-n 142 

xliv 150 

xliv.  14,  27 148 

xlvi.  1-12 140 

jclvi.  10 3» 

xlvii 140 

xlviii.  7 79 


SCRIPTURE  TEXTS.  203 


PAGES, 

PAGES. 

xlix.3  

.....     79 

^  IS  

63 

1  Si  

—  152 

124 

....   143 

x.6  

79 

Iii.  12-23  

"""  I02JC 

>BLi.2  

35 

M.  12-27  

*49 

ii.  17  o 

101 

Ui.  17-30  

145 

10 

iii.28  30  
LAMENTATIONS  ii. 

.  146,  149 
.AMOS  i.  i  

«9"    *>       «i.  7  

'25 

124 

EZEK1EL  iii  , 

149 

iii.  9»12  

124 

i$o 

iv.  1-8  

124 

x.  18  

2& 

v.  27  

124 

xi.  14-25  

149 

vu.  17  

124 

xii.  21-28  

««*M 

1CAH  iii.  12  

H5 

**a  

*fi° 

149 

IAA 

vL  16  

109 

145 

XX.  20-22  

^N 

AHtJM  '    "i 

•  17 

xxvu.  7-ri5  

riv            ill............ 

•«}/ 

«492EPHANIAH  i.  2-6  ..   .. 

145 

U7 

i—  iii  

"37 

xxxviii.  2-6  

3* 

H.   12  

28 

xlii.  1-6  

XQO* 

BC^.R!A.!!.^13.'.S/.".! 

71 

xlvii.  18  

— 

DANIEL  i.  

»49 

NBW  TESTAMENT. 

i-  '6-21  

»5»K 

I  ATTH  EW  i.  5  

64 

*•  I9*"21  

'5° 

133 

133 

H.4^-49  

150 

xxviii.  5  - 

94 

xi.  8  

79 

HOSEAi.  i  

I2$LUKB  i-  46-55.  67-79  

80 

"i.  4  

7« 

ii.  36..  

80 

fr.  13  •• 

1*4 

"5 

ACTSii.  5  ........  ---  ....    35 


202 


OLD  TESTAMENT  HISTORY. 


PAGES. 

ROMANS  i.  8... 35  JAMES  ii.  25  ... . 

"i.  25 56        v.  17 

i  COR.  i.  30 56 

2COR.X1.3 28 

HEBREWS  vii.,-,1 41  REVELATION 

IX.  22 101 

si- 31 «4 


PACKS. 


xx.  a.. 


115 


xii.  9...     28 

28 


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